Gillberg Linn, Ling Charlotte
Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark ; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre , Malmö , Sweden.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015 Mar 30;6:43. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00043. eCollection 2015.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a slowly progressive disease that can be postponed or even avoided through lifestyle changes. Recent data demonstrate highly significant correlations between DNA methylation and the most important risk factors of T2D, including age and body mass index, in blood and human tissues relevant to insulin resistance and T2D. Also, T2D patients and individuals with increased risk of the disease display differential DNA methylation profiles and plasticity compared to controls. Accordingly, the novel clues to DNA methylation fingerprints in blood and tissues with deteriorated metabolic capacity indicate that blood-borne epigenetic biomarkers of T2D progression might become a reality. This Review will address the most recent associations between DNA methylation and diabetes-related traits in human tissues and blood. The overall focus is on the potential of future epigenome-wide studies, carried out across tissues and populations with correlations to pre-diabetes and T2D risk factors, to build up a library of epigenetic markers of risk and early progression of T2D. These markers may, tentatively in combination with other predictors of T2D development, increase the possibility of individual-based lifestyle prevention of T2D and associated metabolic diseases.
2型糖尿病（T2D）是一种进展缓慢的疾病，通过改变生活方式可以延缓甚至避免。最近的数据表明，在与胰岛素抵抗和T2D相关的血液和人体组织中，DNA甲基化与T2D的最重要风险因素（包括年龄和体重指数）之间存在高度显著的相关性。此外，与对照组相比，T2D患者和患病风险增加的个体表现出不同的DNA甲基化谱和可塑性。因此，代谢能力下降的血液和组织中DNA甲基化指纹的新线索表明，T2D进展的血液表观遗传生物标志物可能会成为现实。本综述将阐述人类组织和血液中DNA甲基化与糖尿病相关特征之间的最新关联。总体重点是未来跨组织和人群进行的表观基因组范围研究的潜力，这些研究与糖尿病前期和T2D风险因素相关，以建立T2D风险和早期进展的表观遗传标记库。这些标记物可能（初步与T2D发展的其他预测因素相结合）增加基于个体的T2D及相关代谢疾病生活方式预防的可能性。
