Kononova T E, Urazova O I, Novitskiĭ V V, Churina E G, Zakharova P A
Tsitologiia. 2015;57(1):56-61.
Homeostasis of subpopulations Th17- and Treg-lymphocytes plays an important role in a holistic and coordinated process of eradication of pathogens and preventing the spread of infection in the body. Study of molecular mechanisms controlling the balance of these cells in the formation of immune deviation in the pathogenesis of infection are particularly relevant. The article presents the results of a study of mRNA expression of transcription factors Th17- and Treg-lymphocytes--RORC2 and FoxP3, respectively, as well as the presence of these cells in peripheral blood in infectious disease (based on an example of infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis). It was established that during the infiltrative (regardless of drug susceptibility testing) and disseminated drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by Th17-polarized differentiation of T-lymphocytes, as evidenced by the increased number of CD4+CD161+IL17A+ cells in the blood in association with increased mRNA expression of the transcription factor RORC2 in lymphocytes. In disseminated drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis T-lymphocyte differentiation is carried out mainly in the direction of immunosuppressive Treg-cells, as evidenced by the increase in their number in the blood in association with elevated levels of mRNA expression of the transcription factor FoxP3 in lymphocytes.
Th17淋巴细胞亚群和调节性T淋巴细胞（Treg）的稳态在机体整体协调清除病原体及防止感染扩散的过程中发挥着重要作用。研究控制这些细胞平衡的分子机制在感染发病机制中免疫偏差形成过程中尤为重要。本文介绍了对Th17淋巴细胞和Treg淋巴细胞转录因子——分别为RORC2和FoxP3的mRNA表达，以及在传染病患者外周血中这些细胞的存在情况（以结核分枝杆菌感染为例）的研究结果。结果表明，在浸润性肺结核（无论药敏试验结果如何）和播散性敏感肺结核中，T淋巴细胞向Th17极化分化，血液中CD4+CD161+IL17A+细胞数量增加，同时淋巴细胞中转录因子RORC2的mRNA表达升高。在播散性耐药肺结核中，T淋巴细胞主要向免疫抑制性Treg细胞方向分化，血液中Treg细胞数量增加，同时淋巴细胞中转录因子FoxP3的mRNA表达水平升高。
