Peugnet Pauline, Robles Morgane, Mendoza Luis, Wimel Laurence, Dubois Cédric, Dahirel Michèle, Guillaume Daniel, Camous Sylvaine, Berthelot Valérie, Toquet Marie-Pierre, Richard Eric, Sandersen Charlotte, Chaffaux Stéphane, Lejeune Jean-Philippe, Tarrade Anne, Serteyn Didier, Chavatte-Palmer Pascale
INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350, Jouy en Josas, France.
Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 13;10(4):e0122596. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122596. eCollection 2015.
In stud management, broodmares are commonly fed concentrates in late pregnancy. This practice, however, was shown to correlate with an increased incidence of osteochondrosis in foals, which may be related to insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that supplementation of the mare with barley in the last trimester of pregnancy alters the pre-weaning foal growth, glucose metabolism and osteoarticular status. Here, pregnant multiparous saddlebred mares were fed forage only (group F, n=13) or both forage and cracked barley (group B, n=12) from the 7th month of pregnancy until term, as calculated to cover nutritional needs of broodmares. Diets were given in two daily meals. All mares and foals returned to pasture after parturition. Post-natal growth, glucose metabolism and osteoarticular status were investigated in pre-weaning foals. B mares maintained an optimal body condition score (>3.5), whereas that of F mares decreased and remained low (<2.5) up to 3 months of lactation, with a significantly lower bodyweight (-7%) than B mares throughout the last 2 months of pregnancy. B mares had increased plasma glucose and insulin after the first meal and after the second meal to a lesser extent, which was not observed in F mares. B mares also had increased insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Plasma NEFA and leptin were only temporarily affected by diet in mares during pregnancy or in early lactation. Neonatal B foals had increased serum osteocalcin and slightly increased glucose increments and clearance after glucose injection, but these effects had vanished at weaning. Body measurements, plasma IGF-1, T4, T3, NEFA and leptin concentrations, insulin secretion during IVGTT, as well as glucose metabolism rate during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps after weaning, did not differ between groups. Radiographic examination of joints indicated increased osteochondrosis relative risk in B foals, but this was not significant. These data demonstrate that B or F maternal nutrition has very few effects on foal growth, endocrinology and glucose homeostasis until weaning, but may induce cartilage lesions.
在种马管理中，妊娠后期母马通常会被喂食精饲料。然而，这种做法与马驹骨软骨病发病率的增加有关，这可能与胰岛素敏感性有关。我们假设在妊娠最后三个月给母马补充大麦会改变断奶前马驹的生长、葡萄糖代谢和骨关节状态。在此，从妊娠第7个月直至足月，给经产的怀孕鞍马只喂食草料（F组，n = 13）或同时喂食草料和碎大麦（B组，n = 12），计算得出的量可满足母马的营养需求。日粮分两餐每日投喂。所有母马和马驹产后都回到牧场。对断奶前马驹的产后生长、葡萄糖代谢和骨关节状态进行了研究。B组母马维持了最佳体况评分（>3.5），而F组母马的体况评分下降，并在哺乳3个月内一直较低（<2.5），在妊娠最后2个月期间其体重显著低于B组母马（-7%）。B组母马在第一餐后血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素增加，第二餐后增加程度较小，F组母马未观察到这种情况。B组母马在静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（IVGTT）期间胰岛素分泌也增加。妊娠期间或哺乳早期，母马血浆非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）和瘦素仅受到日粮的暂时影响。新生B组马驹血清骨钙素增加，葡萄糖注射后葡萄糖增量和清除率略有增加，但这些影响在断奶时消失。两组之间断奶后马驹的身体测量指标、血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、甲状腺素（T4）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、NEFA和瘦素浓度、IVGTT期间的胰岛素分泌以及正常血糖高胰岛素钳夹期间的葡萄糖代谢率均无差异。关节的X线检查表明B组马驹骨软骨病的相对风险增加，但不显著。这些数据表明，在断奶前，母马的B组或F组营养对马驹生长、内分泌和葡萄糖稳态影响很小，但可能会诱发软骨病变。
