Ivonin Leonid, Chang Huang-Ming, Diaz Marta, Catala Andreu, Chen Wei, Rauterberg Matthias
Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Industrial Design, Designed Intelligence Group, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, CETpD, Rambla de l'Exposició 59-69, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú Barcelona, Spain.
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, CETpD, Rambla de l'Exposició 59-69, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú Barcelona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 13;10(4):e0124519. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124519. eCollection 2015.
Unconscious mental processes have recently started gaining attention in a number of scientific disciplines. One of the theoretical frameworks for describing unconscious processes was introduced by Jung as a part of his model of the psyche. This framework uses the concept of archetypes that represent prototypical experiences associated with objects, people, and situations. Although the validity of Jungian model remains an open question, this framework is convenient from the practical point of view. Moreover, archetypes found numerous applications in the areas of psychology and marketing. Therefore, observation of both conscious and unconscious traces related to archetypal experiences seems to be an interesting research endeavor. In a study with 36 subjects, we examined the effects of experiencing conglomerations of unconscious emotions associated with various archetypes on the participants' introspective reports and patterns of physiological activations. Our hypothesis for this experiment was that physiological data may predict archetypes more precisely than introspective reports due to the implicit nature of archetypal experiences. Introspective reports were collected using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) technique. Physiological measures included cardiovascular, electrodermal, respiratory responses and skin temperature of the subjects. The subjects were stimulated to feel four archetypal experiences and four explicit emotions by means of film clips. The data related to the explicit emotions served as a reference in analysis of archetypal experiences. Our findings indicated that while prediction models trained on the collected physiological data could recognize the archetypal experiences with accuracy of 55 percent, similar models built based on the SAM data demonstrated performance of only 33 percent. Statistical tests enabled us to confirm that physiological observations are better suited for observation of implicit psychological constructs like archetypes than introspective reports.
无意识心理过程最近在一些科学学科中开始受到关注。荣格提出了一种描述无意识过程的理论框架，作为他心理模型的一部分。这个框架使用了原型的概念，原型代表与物体、人物和情境相关的典型体验。尽管荣格模型的有效性仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，但从实际角度来看，这个框架很方便。此外，原型在心理学和市场营销领域有许多应用。因此，观察与原型体验相关的有意识和无意识痕迹似乎是一项有趣的研究工作。在一项有36名受试者的研究中，我们研究了体验与各种原型相关的无意识情绪聚合对参与者内省报告和生理激活模式的影响。我们对这个实验的假设是，由于原型体验的隐性性质，生理数据可能比内省报告更准确地预测原型。内省报告使用自我评估人体模型（SAM）技术收集。生理测量包括受试者的心血管、皮肤电、呼吸反应和皮肤温度。通过电影片段刺激受试者感受四种原型体验和四种显性情绪。与显性情绪相关的数据在原型体验分析中用作参考。我们的研究结果表明，虽然基于收集到的生理数据训练的预测模型能够以55%的准确率识别原型体验，但基于SAM数据构建的类似模型的表现仅为33%。统计测试使我们能够确认，与内省报告相比，生理观察更适合观察像原型这样的隐性心理结构。
