Szpila Krzysztof, Mądra Anna, Jarmusz Mateusz, Matuszewski Szymon
Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland,
Parasitol Res. 2015 Jun;114(6):2341-8. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4431-1. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
Sarcophagidae are an important element of carrion insect community. Unfortunately, results on larval and adult Sarcophagidae from forensic carrion studies are virtually absent mostly due to the taxonomic problems with species identification of females and larvae. The impact of this taxon on decomposition of large carrion has not been reliably evaluated. During several pig carcass studies in Poland, large body of data on adult and larval Sarcophagidae was collected. We determined (1) assemblages of adult flesh flies visiting pig carrion in various habitats, (2) species of flesh flies which breed in pig carcasses, and (3) temporal distribution of flesh fly larvae during decomposition. Due to species identification of complete material, including larvae, females, and males, it was possible for the first time to reliably answer several questions related to the role of Sarcophagidae in decomposition of large carrion and hence define their forensic importance. Fifteen species of flesh flies were found to visit pig carcasses, with higher diversity and abundance in grasslands as compared to forests. Sex ratio biased towards females was observed only for Sarcophaga argyrostoma, S. caerulescens, S. similis and S. carnaria species group. Gravid females and larvae were collected only in the case of S. argyrostoma, S. caerulescens, S. melanura and S. similis. Sarcophaga caerulescens and S. similis bred regularly in carcasses, while S. argyrostoma was recorded only occasionally. First instar larvae of flesh flies were recorded on carrion earlier or concurrently with first instar larvae of blowflies. Third instar larvae of S. caerulescens were usually observed before the appearance of the third instar blowfly larvae. These results contest the view that flesh flies colonise carcasses later than blowflies. Sarcophaga caerulescens is designated as a good candidate for a broad forensic use in Central European cases.
麻蝇科是腐肉昆虫群落的重要组成部分。遗憾的是，法医腐肉研究中关于麻蝇科幼虫和成虫的研究结果几乎没有，主要原因是雌性和幼虫的物种鉴定存在分类学问题。该分类单元对大型腐肉分解的影响尚未得到可靠评估。在波兰进行的几项猪尸体研究中，收集了大量关于麻蝇科成虫和幼虫的数据。我们确定了：（1）在不同栖息地访问猪尸体的成年麻蝇的组合；（2）在猪尸体中繁殖的麻蝇种类；（3）腐肉分解过程中麻蝇幼虫的时间分布。由于对包括幼虫、雌性和雄性在内的完整材料进行了物种鉴定，首次能够可靠地回答几个与麻蝇科在大型腐肉分解中的作用相关的问题，从而确定它们的法医重要性。发现有15种麻蝇访问猪尸体，与森林相比，草原上的多样性和丰度更高。仅在银口麻蝇、青蓝麻蝇、相似麻蝇和肉色麻蝇物种组中观察到雌性偏向的性别比例。仅在银口麻蝇、青蓝麻蝇、黑尾麻蝇和相似麻蝇的情况下收集到怀孕的雌性和幼虫。青蓝麻蝇和相似麻蝇经常在尸体中繁殖，而银口麻蝇仅偶尔被记录到。麻蝇的一龄幼虫在腐肉上的记录时间早于或与丽蝇的一龄幼虫同时出现。青蓝麻蝇的三龄幼虫通常在丽蝇三龄幼虫出现之前被观察到。这些结果对麻蝇比丽蝇更晚在尸体上定殖的观点提出了质疑。青蓝麻蝇被指定为在中欧案件中广泛用于法医鉴定的良好候选物种。
