Feng Charles, Teuber Suzanne, Gershwin M Eric
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016 Feb;50(1):64-9. doi: 10.1007/s12016-015-8467-x.
Histamine fish poisoning, also known as scombroid poisoning, is the most common cause of ichythyotoxicosis worldwide and results from the ingestion of histamine-contaminated fish in the Scombroidae and Scomberesocidae families, including mackerel, bonito, albacore, and skipjack. This disease was first described in 1799 in Britain and re-emerged in the medical literature in the 1950s when outbreaks were reported in Japan. The symptoms associated with histamine fish poisoning are similar to that of an allergic reaction. In fact, such histamine-induced reactions are often misdiagnosed as IgE-mediated fish allergy. Indeed, histamine fish poisoning is still an underrecognized disease. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of scombroid disease. Because more than 80% of fish consumed in the USA is now imported from other countries, the disease is intimately linked with the global fish trade (National Marine Fisheries Service, 2012). Preventing future scombroid outbreaks will require that fishermen, public health officials, restaurant workers, and medical professionals work together to devise international safety standards and increase awareness of the disease. The implications of scombroid poisoning go far beyond that of fish and have broader implications for the important issues of food safety.
组胺鱼中毒，又称鲭鱼中毒，是全球范围内鱼类毒素中毒最常见的原因，它是由于食用了鲭科和颌针鱼科中受组胺污染的鱼类所致，这些鱼类包括鲭鱼、鲣鱼、长鳍金枪鱼和鲣鱼。这种疾病于1799年在英国首次被描述，并于20世纪50年代在医学文献中再次出现，当时日本报告了多起疫情。与组胺鱼中毒相关的症状与过敏反应相似。事实上，这种由组胺引起的反应常常被误诊为IgE介导的鱼类过敏。的确，组胺鱼中毒仍然是一种未被充分认识的疾病。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了鲭鱼中毒疾病的流行病学、病理生理学、评估和治疗。由于美国目前超过80%的食用鱼是从其他国家进口的，这种疾病与全球鱼类贸易密切相关（美国国家海洋渔业局，2012年）。预防未来的鲭鱼中毒疫情爆发需要渔民、公共卫生官员、餐馆工作人员和医疗专业人员共同努力，制定国际安全标准，并提高对这种疾病的认识。鲭鱼中毒的影响远远超出了鱼类本身，对食品安全这一重要问题具有更广泛的影响。
