Chhabra Harleen, Shivakumar Venkataram, Agarwal Sri Mahavir, Bose Anushree, Venugopal Deepthi, Rajasekaran Ashwini, Subbanna Manjula, Kalmady Sunil V, Narayanaswamy Janardhanan C, Debnath Monojit, Venkatasubramanian Ganesan
1The Schizophrenia Clinic,Department of Psychiatry,National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences,Bangalore,India.
2Translational Psychiatry Laboratory,Neurobiology Research Centre,National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences,Bangalore,India.
Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2016 Feb;28(1):1-10. doi: 10.1017/neu.2015.20. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive and well-tolerated brain stimulation technique with promising efficacy as an add-on treatment for schizophrenia and for several other psychiatric disorders. tDCS modulates neuroplasticity; psychiatric disorders are established to be associated with neuroplasticity abnormalities. This review presents the summary of research on potential genetic basis of neuroplasticity-modulation mechanism underlying tDCS and its implications for treating various psychiatric disorders.
A systematic review highlighting the genes involved in neuroplasticity and their role in psychiatric disorders was carried out. The focus was on the established genetic findings of tDCS response relationship with BDNF and COMT gene polymorphisms.
Synthesis of these preliminary observations suggests the potential influence of neuroplastic genes on tDCS treatment response. These include several animal models, pharmacological studies, mentally ill and healthy human subject trials.
Taking into account the rapidly unfolding understanding of tDCS and the role of synaptic plasticity disturbances in neuropsychiatric disorders, in-depth evaluation of the mechanism of action pertinent to neuroplasticity modulation with tDCS needs further systematic research. Genes such as NRG1, DISC1, as well as those linked with the glutamatergic receptor in the context of their direct role in the modulation of neuronal signalling related to neuroplasticity aberrations, are leading candidates for future research in this area. Such research studies might potentially unravel observations that might have potential translational implications in psychiatry.
经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）是一种无创且耐受性良好的脑刺激技术，作为精神分裂症及其他多种精神障碍的辅助治疗手段，具有可观的疗效。tDCS可调节神经可塑性；而精神障碍已被证实与神经可塑性异常有关。本综述总结了关于tDCS潜在遗传基础的研究，该基础涉及神经可塑性调节机制及其对治疗各种精神障碍的意义。
开展了一项系统综述，重点关注参与神经可塑性的基因及其在精神障碍中的作用。研究聚焦于已确定的tDCS反应与脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）及儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶（COMT）基因多态性之间关系的遗传学研究结果。
对这些初步观察结果的综合分析表明，神经可塑性基因可能会影响tDCS的治疗反应。这些观察结果来自多个动物模型、药理学研究以及对精神病患者和健康受试者的试验。
鉴于对tDCS的理解迅速深入，以及突触可塑性紊乱在神经精神障碍中的作用，需要进一步开展系统研究，深入评估tDCS调节神经可塑性的作用机制。诸如神经调节蛋白1（NRG1）、精神分裂症相关断裂基因1（DISC1）等基因，以及那些在调节与神经可塑性异常相关的神经元信号传导中直接发挥作用的谷氨酸能受体相关基因，是该领域未来研究的主要候选对象。此类研究可能会揭示一些具有潜在精神科转化意义的观察结果。
