Waqas Muhammad, Li Gang, Khan Sardar, Shamshad Isha, Reid Brian J, Qamar Zahir, Chao Cai
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, CAS, Xiamen, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Aug;22(16):12114-23. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4432-8. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
The effects of sewage sludge (SS) and its derived biochar (SSBC) on the availability and uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potential toxic elements (PTEs) by Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruits grown in contaminated urban soil were investigated. Increasing application rates of SS and SSBC (2, 5, and 10%) decreased PAH availability and, correspondingly, PAH accumulation (22-39 and 48-62%, respectively) into tomato. SSBC was more effective in this regard. The available concentrations of PAHs (Σ16PAH) in the SSBC treatments were significantly reduced (from 30.0-47.3%) as compared to the control treatment. The availability of high-molecular-weight PAHs (containing four to six benzene rings) was greatly affected, while low-molecular-weight PAHs (containing two to three benzene rings) was less affected by SSBC amendments. The addition of SSBC showed the least effect on bioaccumulation of naphthalene (two-ring PAH; 24.5-32.6%), while the highest effect was observed for benzo(b)fluoranthene (five-ring PAH; 3.1-86.8%) and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (six-ring PAH; 51.8-84.2%). In contrast, increasing application rates of SS successively increased PTE (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) availability and accumulation (15-139%) into tomato while SSBC successively decreased PTE availability and accumulation (17-91%). Changes in accumulation varied with PTE and the extent to which PTE concentrations in soil was elevated.
研究了污水污泥（SS）及其衍生生物炭（SSBC）对生长在受污染城市土壤中的番茄果实中多环芳烃（PAHs）和潜在有毒元素（PTEs）的有效性、吸收以及对番茄果实中PAHs和PTEs的影响。增加SS和SSBC的施用量（2%、5%和10%）会降低PAHs的有效性，相应地，番茄中PAHs的积累量也会减少（分别减少22%-39%和48%-62%）。在这方面，SSBC的效果更显著。与对照处理相比，SSBC处理中PAHs（Σ16PAH）的有效浓度显著降低（降低了30.0%-47.3%）。高分子量PAHs（含有四至六个苯环）的有效性受到很大影响，而低分子量PAHs（含有两至三个苯环）受SSBC改良剂的影响较小。添加SSBC对萘（二环PAH；24.5%-32.6%）的生物积累影响最小，而对苯并（b）荧蒽（五环PAH；3.1%-86.8%）和苯并（g，h，i）苝（六环PAH；51.8%-84.2%）的影响最大。相比之下，增加SS的施用量会使PTE（As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn）在番茄中的有效性和积累量依次增加（15%-139%），而SSBC则会使PTE的有效性和积累量依次降低（17%-91%）。积累量的变化因PTE以及土壤中PTE浓度升高的程度而异。
