Assogba Komi, Balaka Bahoura, Touglo Fidato A, Apetsè Kossivi M, Kombaté Damelan
Neurology Service, Campus University Teaching Hospital, Lomé, Togo.
Department of Pediatric, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital, Lomé, Togo.
J Pediatr Neurosci. 2015 Jan-Mar;10(1):9-12. doi: 10.4103/1817-1745.154315.
Convulsive seizures are the common neurological emergencies in developing regions.
The aim was to determine the prevalence, causes and outcome of seizures in childhood.
Participants were children aged 1-5 years old, admitted consecutively with a history of febrile convulsions or were presented seizures with fever during hospitalization, in two pediatric university hospitals. The prospective study covered a period from January to December 2013. At admission, emergency care and resuscitation procedures were provided according to the national guidelines. The history included the number and a parental description of seizures. Children with epilepsy, any central nervous system infections and other disease were excluded.
We have recorded 3647 children. Among them, 308 (8.4%) infants had presented with febrile seizures including 174 males and 134 females admitted to both pediatric hospitals (Tokoin University Teaching Hospitals: 206/3070, Campus University Teaching Hospitals: 102/577). Infants from 1 to 3 years age were the most common affected and constituted 65.9% of all patients. The months of September, December and January had recorded the high frequency of admission due to seizures. Regarding the seizures type, generalized tonic-clonic seizures were predominant (46.4%) followed by tonic seizures (17.2%) and status epilepticus in 9%. The etiologies were marked by falciparum malaria (52.3%), and other infections in 47.7%. At discharge, we have noted 11% (34/308) with neurodevelopmental disabilities, 6.7% of epilepsy and 9.7% (30/308) of death.
The febrile seizure in child younger 5 years is an indicator of severe malaria in tropical nations. The campaign for "roll back malaria" must continue in developing countries to avoid long-term gross neurological deficits.
惊厥性癫痫发作是发展中地区常见的神经科急症。
旨在确定儿童癫痫发作的患病率、病因及预后。
研究对象为年龄在1至5岁的儿童，他们在两家儿科大学医院连续入院，有高热惊厥病史或在住院期间因发热出现癫痫发作。这项前瞻性研究涵盖了2013年1月至12月期间。入院时，根据国家指南提供紧急护理和复苏程序。病史包括癫痫发作的次数及家长对发作情况的描述。排除患有癫痫、任何中枢神经系统感染及其他疾病的儿童。
我们记录了3647名儿童。其中，308名（8.4%）婴儿出现高热惊厥，包括174名男性和134名女性，两家儿科医院均有收治（托科因大学教学医院：206/3070，校园大学教学医院：102/577）。1至3岁的婴儿受影响最为常见，占所有患者的65.9%。9月、12月和1月因癫痫发作入院的频率最高。关于癫痫发作类型，全身性强直阵挛发作占主导（46.4%），其次是强直发作（17.2%），癫痫持续状态占9%。病因以恶性疟原虫感染为主（52.3%），其他感染占47.7%。出院时，我们注意到11%（34/308）有神经发育障碍，6.7%患有癫痫，9.7%（30/308）死亡。
5岁以下儿童的高热惊厥是热带国家严重疟疾的一个指标。发展中国家必须继续开展“遏制疟疾”运动，以避免长期严重的神经功能缺损。
