Howard Jeffrey T, Sparks P Johnelle
a Department of Demography , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas , USA.
Biodemography Soc Biol. 2015;61(1):18-39. doi: 10.1080/19485565.2014.937000.
This study expands on earlier findings of racial/ethnic and education-allostatic load associations by assessing whether racial/ethnic differences in allostatic load persist across all levels of educational attainment. This study used data from four recent waves of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). Results from this study suggest that allostatic load differs significantly by race/ethnicity and educational attainment overall, but that the race/ethnicity association is not consistent across education level. Analysis of interactions and education-stratified models suggest that allostatic load levels do not differ by race/ethnicity for individuals with low education; rather, the largest allostatic load differentials for Mexican Americans (p < .01) and non-Hispanic blacks (p < .001) are observed for individuals with a college degree or more. These findings add to the growing evidence that differences in socioeconomic opportunities by race/ethnicity are likely a consequence of differential returns to education, which contribute to higher stress burdens among minorities compared to non-Hispanic whites.
本研究通过评估种族/族裔在累积性生理负荷方面的差异是否在所有教育程度水平上持续存在，对早期关于种族/族裔与教育累积性生理负荷关联的研究结果进行了拓展。本研究使用了来自最近四轮美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）的数据。该研究结果表明，总体而言，累积性生理负荷在种族/族裔和教育程度方面存在显著差异，但种族/族裔关联在不同教育水平上并不一致。交互作用分析和教育分层模型表明，教育程度低的个体的累积性生理负荷水平在种族/族裔方面并无差异；相反，对于拥有大学学位或更高学历的个体，墨西哥裔美国人（p <.01）和非西班牙裔黑人（p <.001）的累积性生理负荷差异最大。这些发现进一步证明，种族/族裔在社会经济机会方面的差异可能是教育回报差异的结果，这导致少数族裔比非西班牙裔白人承受更高的压力负担。
