Langenmayer Martin C, Scharr Julia C, Sauter-Louis Carola, Schares Gereon, Gollnick Nicole S
Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
, Rammingen, Germany.
BMC Vet Res. 2015 Feb 13;11:32. doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0326-8.
The emerging disease bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. Clinical signs of acute besnoitiosis are pyrexia, anorexia and subcutaneous edema. In subacute and chronic besnoitiosis parasitic cysts arise in a variety of tissues and affected cattle display skin lesions and weight loss. In all stages of bovine besnoitiosis, lesions can be found in many organ systems and therefore presumably alter a variety of laboratory parameters. In this study, the impact of naturally acquired acute, subacute and chronic bovine besnoitiosis on hematologic parameters, serum chemistry, and enzyme activities was investigated. Laboratory parameters of two Simmental heifers and two Limousin cows were monitored during acute, subacute and chronic besnoitiosis and in another Simmental heifer during subclinical besnoitiosis. To determine aberrations of laboratory parameters, values were compared with reference ranges obtained from B. besnoiti negative Simmentals (224 samples of nine animals) and Limousins (41 animals). Further, laboratory parameters of B. besnoiti seropositive Limousin cows (54 animals; 32 of these showing clinical signs) and healthy B. besnoiti seronegative Limousin cows (41 animals) were compared.
During acute and subacute besnoitiosis, a reduction of leukocyte and erythrocyte concentrations, hematocrit, serum albumin, urea, magnesium, and calcium concentrations were observed. Serum total protein, globulin, total bilirubin and creatinine concentrations were increased and aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were elevated. In chronic besnoitiosis, erythrocyte parameters were statistically significantly lower, and total protein and globulin concentrations were significantly higher in B. besnoiti seropositive compared with B. besnoiti seronegative Limousin cows.
In this study, altered laboratory parameters during the course of naturally acquired acute, subacute and chronic bovine besnoitiosis are described for the first time. Only a few animals were examined in acute and subacute besnoitiosis, however the alterations of laboratory parameters during these stages reflected i) the acute inflammatory state (e.g. high levels of serum globulin fractions), ii) clinical findings such as disturbed condition (e.g. bilirubin concentrations), and iii) lesions such as muscle necroses described in the literature (e.g. AST or CK activities). Chronic besnoitiosis led to typical alterations of chronic inflammatory diseases like hyper-(gamma)-globulinemia or reduced erythrocyte concentrations.
新出现的牛贝诺孢子虫病由顶复门寄生虫贝诺孢子虫（Besnoitia besnoiti）引起。急性牛贝诺孢子虫病的临床症状为发热、厌食和皮下水肿。在亚急性和慢性牛贝诺孢子虫病中，寄生虫囊肿出现在多种组织中，患病牛表现出皮肤病变和体重减轻。在牛贝诺孢子虫病的各个阶段，许多器官系统都会出现病变，因此推测会改变多种实验室参数。在本研究中，调查了自然感染的急性、亚急性和慢性牛贝诺孢子虫病对血液学参数、血清化学和酶活性的影响。在急性、亚急性和慢性牛贝诺孢子虫病期间监测了两头西门塔尔小母牛和两头利木赞母牛的实验室参数，并在另一头西门塔尔小母牛处于亚临床贝诺孢子虫病期间进行了监测。为了确定实验室参数的异常，将这些值与从贝诺孢子虫阴性的西门塔尔牛（9头动物的224份样本）和利木赞牛（41头动物）获得的参考范围进行了比较。此外，还比较了贝诺孢子虫血清阳性的利木赞母牛（54头动物；其中32头表现出临床症状）和健康的贝诺孢子虫血清阴性的利木赞母牛（41头动物）的实验室参数。
在急性和亚急性牛贝诺孢子虫病期间，观察到白细胞和红细胞浓度、血细胞比容、血清白蛋白、尿素、镁和钙浓度降低。血清总蛋白、球蛋白、总胆红素和肌酐浓度升高，天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和肌酸激酶（CK）活性升高。在慢性牛贝诺孢子虫病中，与贝诺孢子虫血清阴性的利木赞母牛相比，贝诺孢子虫血清阳性的利木赞母牛的红细胞参数在统计学上显著更低，总蛋白和球蛋白浓度显著更高。
在本研究中，首次描述了自然感染的急性、亚急性和慢性牛贝诺孢子虫病过程中实验室参数的变化。在急性和亚急性牛贝诺孢子虫病中仅检查了少数动物，然而这些阶段实验室参数的变化反映了：i）急性炎症状态（例如血清球蛋白组分水平高），ii）临床发现如身体状况紊乱（例如胆红素浓度），以及iii）文献中描述的病变如肌肉坏死（例如AST或CK活性）。慢性牛贝诺孢子虫病导致了慢性炎症性疾病的典型变化，如高（γ）球蛋白血症或红细胞浓度降低。
