Oreskovic Nicolas M, Perrin James M, Robinson Alyssa I, Locascio Joseph J, Blossom Jeff, Chen Minghua L, Winickoff Jonathan P, Field Alison E, Green Chloe, Goodman Elizabeth
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2015 Mar 15;15:251. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1596-6.
Physical activity is a health-enhancing behavior, but few adolescents achieve the recommended levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Understanding how adolescents use different built environment spaces for physical activity and activity varies by location could help in designing effective interventions to promote moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The objective of this study was to describe the locations where adolescents engage in physical activity and compare traditional intensity-based measures with continuous activity when describing built environment use patterns among adolescents.
Eighty adolescents aged 11-14 years recruited from community health and recreation centers. Adolescents wore accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X) and global positioning system receivers (QStarz BT-Q1000XT) for two separate weeks to record their physical activity levels and locations. Accelerometer data provided a continuous measure of physical activity and intensity-based measures (sedentary time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Physical activity was mapped by land-use classification (home, school, park, playground, streets & sidewalks, other) using geographic information systems and this location-based activity was assessed for both continuous and intensity-based physical activity derived from mixed-effects models which accounted for repeated measures and clustering effects within person, date, school, and town.
Mean daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 22 minutes, mean sedentary time was 134 minutes. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity occurred in bouts lasting up to 15 minutes. Compared to being at home, being at school, on the streets and sidewalks, in parks, and playgrounds were all associated with greater odds of being in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and achieving higher overall activity levels. Playground use was associated with the highest physical activity level (β = 172 activity counts per minute, SE = 4, p < 0.0001) and greatest odds of being in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (odds ratio 8.3, 95% confidence interval 4.8-14.2).
Adolescents were more likely to engage in physical activity, and achieved their highest physical activity levels, when using built environments located outdoors. Novel objective methods for determining physical activity can provide insight into adolescents' spatial physical activity patterns, which could help guide physical activity interventions. Promoting zoning and health policies that encourage the design and regular use of outdoor spaces may offer another promising opportunity for increasing adolescent physical activity.
体育活动是一种增进健康的行为，但很少有青少年达到建议的中等至剧烈体育活动水平。了解青少年如何在不同的建成环境空间中进行体育活动以及活动如何因地点而异，有助于设计有效的干预措施来促进中等至剧烈体育活动。本研究的目的是描述青少年进行体育活动的地点，并在描述青少年的建成环境使用模式时，将基于传统强度的测量方法与持续活动进行比较。
从社区健康和娱乐中心招募了80名11至14岁的青少年。青少年佩戴加速度计（Actigraph GT3X）和全球定位系统接收器（QStarz BT-Q1000XT），分别为期两周，以记录他们的体育活动水平和地点。加速度计数据提供了体育活动的连续测量以及基于强度的测量（久坐时间、中等至剧烈体育活动）。使用地理信息系统通过土地利用分类（家庭、学校、公园、操场、街道和人行道、其他）对体育活动进行映射，并针对源自混合效应模型的连续和基于强度的体育活动评估这种基于位置的活动，该模型考虑了个体、日期、学校和城镇内的重复测量和聚类效应。
平均每日中等至剧烈体育活动为22分钟，平均久坐时间为134分钟。中等至剧烈体育活动以持续长达15分钟的时间段进行。与在家中相比，在学校、街道和人行道上、公园和操场进行活动与进行中等至剧烈体育活动以及达到更高的总体活动水平的几率更高相关。操场的使用与最高的体育活动水平相关（β = 每分钟172次活动计数，标准误 = 4，p < 0.0001），并且进行中等至剧烈体育活动的几率最大（优势比8.3，95%置信区间4.8 - 14.2）。
青少年在使用户外建成环境时更有可能进行体育活动，并达到最高的体育活动水平。用于确定体育活动的新型客观方法可以深入了解青少年的空间体育活动模式，这有助于指导体育活动干预。促进鼓励户外空间设计和定期使用的分区和健康政策可能为增加青少年体育活动提供另一个有前景的机会。
