关于发病率的遗传因果信念：1982 - 2002年芬兰人群中与健康行为及行为改变的健康结果信念的关联
Genetic causal beliefs about morbidity: associations with health behaviors and health outcome beliefs about behavior changes between 1982-2002 in the Finnish population.
作者信息
Haukkala Ari, Konttinen Hanna, Hankonen Nelli, Perola Markus, Kääriäinen Helena, Salomaa Veikko
机构信息
Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2015 Apr 17;15:389. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1657-x.
BACKGROUND
The role and meaning of genetic information has grown considerably in the recent decades. We examined changes in causal beliefs about morbidity as well as the associations between causal beliefs, health behaviors and obesity, and health outcome beliefs from 1982 to 2002.
METHODS
In five population-based risk-factor surveys (the FINRISK Studies) of individuals aged 25 to 64 years conducted from 1982 to 2002 (n = 37,503), respondents chose the most important cause of morbidity from a list of ten alternatives. Health outcome beliefs were assessed with two items. Physical inactivity and smoking status were based on self-reports and obesity was based on measured height and weight.
RESULTS
The prevalence of those who endorse genetic factors as the most important cause of morbidity increased from 4% in 1982 to 10% in 1992 and remained at that level until 2002. During the study period, lack of exercise and overweight increased, whereas inappropriate diet and stress diminished as causal beliefs about morbidity. Smokers and physically inactive were more likely to endorse genetic than behavioral causes of morbidity, whereas obese respondents were more likely to choose overweight over genetic causes of morbidity. Those who endorse genetic factors as the most important cause had more pessimistic outcome beliefs about health behavior changes, but these outcome beliefs became more positive in all causal belief groups during the study period.
CONCLUSION
Despite increased public discussion of genomics, the relative proportion of those who endorse genetic factors as the most important cause of morbidity has remained low. However, within this group beliefs about benefits of health behavior changes have become more positive. This could indicate that increase in genomic health information does not lead to more negative appraisals of efficacy of lifestyle changes.
背景
近几十年来，遗传信息的作用和意义大幅增长。我们研究了1982年至2002年期间对发病原因的因果信念变化，以及因果信念、健康行为与肥胖之间的关联，还有健康结果信念。
方法
在1982年至2002年进行的五项针对25至64岁人群的基于人群的风险因素调查（芬兰风险研究）中（n = 37,503），受访者从十个备选原因中选择发病的最重要原因。用两个项目评估健康结果信念。身体活动不足和吸烟状况基于自我报告，肥胖基于测量的身高和体重。
结果
认为遗传因素是发病最重要原因的人群比例从1982年的4%增至1992年的10%，并在2002年之前一直维持在该水平。在研究期间，缺乏运动和超重情况增加，而将不当饮食和压力视为发病因果信念的情况减少。吸烟者和身体不活动者比行为因素更倾向于认为遗传是发病原因，而肥胖受访者更倾向于选择超重而非遗传作为发病原因。认为遗传因素是最重要原因的人群对健康行为改变的结果信念更为悲观，但在研究期间，所有因果信念组的这些结果信念都变得更加积极。
结论
尽管公众对基因组学的讨论增多，但认为遗传因素是发病最重要原因的人群相对比例仍然较低。然而，在这一群体中，对健康行为改变益处的信念变得更加积极。这可能表明基因组健康信息的增加并未导致对生活方式改变效果的更多负面评价。
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