马拉维恩彻乌区多种信息来源与结核病风险认知之间的关联
The association between multiple sources of information and risk perceptions of tuberculosis, Ntcheu district, Malawi.
作者信息
Chizimba Robert, Christofides Nicola, Chirwa Tobias, Singini Isaac, Ozumba Chineme, Sikwese Simon, Banda Hastings T, Banda Rhoda, Chimbali Henry, Ngwira Bagrey, Munthali Alister, Nyasulu Peter
机构信息
Health Department, Save the Children International, Lilongwe, Malawi; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 17;10(4):e0122998. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122998. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of death in developing countries. Awareness and perception of risk of TB could influence early detection, diagnosis and care seeking at treatment centers. However, perceptions about TB are influenced by sources of information.
AIM
This study aimed to determine the association between multiple sources of information, and perceptions of risk of TB among adults aged 18-49 years.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ntcheu district in Malawi. A total of 121 adults were sampled in a three-stage simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Perceptions of risk were measured using specific statements that reflected common myths and misconceptions. Low risk perception implied a person having strong belief in myths and misconceptions about TB and high risk perception meant a person having no belief in myths or misconceptions and demonstrated understanding of the disease.
RESULTS
Females were more likely to have low risk perceptions about TB compared to males (67.7% vs. 32.5%, p = 0.01). The higher the household asset index the more likely an individual had higher risk perceptions about TB (p = 0.006). The perception of risk of TB was associated with sources of information (p = 0.03). Use of both interpersonal communication and mass media was 2.8 times more likely to be associated with increased perception of risk of TB (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.8; 95% Confidence interva1[CI]: 3.1-15. 6; p = 0.01). After adjusting for sex and asset ownership, use of interpersonal communication and mass media were more likely to be associated with higher perception of risk of TB (OR, 2.0; 95% CI: 1.65-10.72; p = 0.003) compared with interpersonal communication only (OR 1.6, 95%; CI: 1.13-8.98, p = 0.027).
CONCLUSION
The study found that there was association between multiple sources of information, and higher perceptions of risk of TB among adults aged 18-49 years.
背景
结核病是发展中国家主要的死亡原因之一。对结核病风险的认知和看法会影响在治疗中心的早期发现、诊断及寻求治疗。然而，对结核病的看法受信息来源的影响。
目的
本研究旨在确定多种信息来源与18至49岁成年人对结核病风险的认知之间的关联。
方法
在马拉维的恩彻乌区进行了一项横断面研究。采用三阶段简单随机抽样技术共抽取了121名成年人。使用结构化问卷收集数据。通过反映常见误解和错误观念的特定陈述来衡量风险认知。低风险认知意味着一个人强烈相信关于结核病的误解和错误观念，高风险认知意味着一个人不相信误解或错误观念并对该疾病有一定了解。
结果
与男性相比，女性对结核病的风险认知较低的可能性更大（67.7%对32.5%，p = 0.01）。家庭资产指数越高，个体对结核病的风险认知越高的可能性就越大（p = 0.006）。结核病风险认知与信息来源有关（p = 0.03）。人际传播和大众媒体的使用与结核病风险认知增加相关的可能性是原来的2.8倍（优势比[OR] = 2.8；95%置信区间[CI]：3.1 - 15.6；p = 0.01）。在对性别和资产所有权进行调整后，与仅使用人际传播相比（OR 1.6，95%；CI：1.13 - 8.98，p = 0.027），人际传播和大众媒体的使用与更高的结核病风险认知相关的可能性更大（OR，2.0；95% CI：1.65 - 10.72；p = 0.003）。
结论
该研究发现多种信息来源与18至49岁成年人对结核病的更高风险认知之间存在关联。
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