Sangani Samir, Lamontagne Anouk, Fung Joyce
School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Feil/Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), SensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Team of the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Feil/Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), SensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Team of the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Prog Brain Res. 2015;218:313-30. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.12.003. Epub 2015 Mar 29.
Sensorimotor integration is a complex process in the central nervous system that produces task-specific motor output based on selective and rapid integration of sensory information from multiple sources. This chapter reviews briefly the role of haptic cues in postural control during tandem stance and locomotion, focusing on sensorimotor enhancement of locomotion post stroke. The use of mixed-reality systems incorporating both haptic cues and virtual reality technology in gait rehabilitation post stroke is discussed. Over the last decade, researchers and clinicians have shown evidence of cerebral reorganization that underlies functional recovery after stroke based on results from neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. These imaging modalities are however limited in their capacity to measure cortical changes during extensive body motions in upright stance. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) on the other hand provides a unique opportunity to measure cortical activity associated with postural control during locomotion. Evidence of cortical changes associated with sensorimotor enhancement induced by haptic touch during locomotion is revealed through fNIRS in a pilot study involving healthy individuals and a case study involving a chronic stroke patient.
感觉运动整合是中枢神经系统中的一个复杂过程，它基于对来自多个来源的感觉信息进行选择性和快速整合，产生特定任务的运动输出。本章简要回顾触觉线索在串联站立和行走过程中姿势控制中的作用，重点关注中风后运动的感觉运动增强。讨论了在中风后步态康复中使用结合触觉线索和虚拟现实技术的混合现实系统。在过去十年中，研究人员和临床医生根据正电子发射断层扫描和功能磁共振成像等神经成像技术的结果，证明了中风后功能恢复所基于的大脑重组。然而，这些成像方式在测量直立姿势下广泛身体运动期间的皮质变化方面能力有限。另一方面，功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）为测量运动过程中与姿势控制相关的皮质活动提供了独特的机会。在一项涉及健康个体的初步研究和一项涉及慢性中风患者的案例研究中，通过fNIRS揭示了运动过程中触觉引起的与感觉运动增强相关的皮质变化的证据。
