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骨内经皮截肢假体与牙种植体:角质形成细胞与牙龈上皮细胞体外黏附的比较

Intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses versus dental implants: a comparison between keratinocyte and gingival epithelial cell adhesion in vitro.

作者信息

Pendegrass C J, Lancashire H T, Fontaine C, Chan G, Hosseini P, Blunn G W

机构信息

Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore,

出版信息

Eur Cell Mater. 2015 Apr 19;29:237-49. doi: 10.22203/ecm.v029a18.

Abstract

Infection is the primary failure modality for transcutaneous implants because the skin breach provides a route for pathogens to enter the body. Intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses (ITAP) are being developed to overcome this problem by creating a seal at the skin-implant interface. Oral gingival epithelial cell attachment creates an infection-free seal around dental implants. However, this has yet to be achieved consistently outside of the oral environment. Epithelial cells attach to metal substrates by means of hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions. Their density per unit cell is an indicator of attachment strength. We postulate that gingival epithelial cells express more hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions at earlier time points, compared with epidermal keratinocytes, and this increased speed and strength of attachment may be the reason why an infection-free seal is often achieved around dental implants but less frequently around ITAP. The aim of this study was to compare epidermal keratinocyte with oral gingival cell attachment on titanium alloy in vitro, to determine whether these two cell types differ in their speed and strength of attachment. We aimed to test the hypothesis that gingival cells up-regulate focal adhesion and hemidesmosome formation at earlier time points compared with extra-oral keratinocytes. To test this hypothesis we cultured epidermal keratinocytes and oral gingival cells on titanium alloy substrates and assessed cell attachment by focal adhesions and hemidesmosome expression at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Formation and expression of hemidesmosomes temporally lagged behind that of focal adhesions in both cell types. Gingival derived cells up-regulated focal adhesion and hemidesmosome expression at earlier time points compared with epidermal keratinocytes. Hemidesmosome expression in oral gingival cells was 3 times greater compared with epidermal keratinocytes at 4 hours. Our findings indicate that earlier attachment may be key to the success of the dental implant transcutaneous interface.

摘要

感染是经皮植入物的主要失效方式,因为皮肤破损为病原体进入人体提供了途径。正在研发骨内经皮截肢假体(ITAP),以通过在皮肤与植入物界面处形成密封来克服这一问题。口腔牙龈上皮细胞附着可在牙种植体周围形成无感染的密封。然而,在口腔环境之外,这一点尚未始终如一地实现。上皮细胞通过半桥粒和粘着斑附着于金属基质。其每单位细胞的密度是附着强度的指标。我们推测,与表皮角质形成细胞相比,牙龈上皮细胞在更早的时间点表达更多的半桥粒和粘着斑,而这种附着速度和强度的增加可能是牙种植体周围经常能实现无感染密封而ITAP周围则较少实现的原因。本研究的目的是在体外比较表皮角质形成细胞与口腔牙龈细胞在钛合金上的附着情况,以确定这两种细胞类型在附着速度和强度上是否存在差异。我们旨在检验这样一个假设,即与口腔外角质形成细胞相比,牙龈细胞在更早的时间点上调粘着斑和半桥粒的形成。为了验证这一假设,我们在钛合金基质上培养表皮角质形成细胞和口腔牙龈细胞,并在4、24、48和72小时时通过粘着斑和半桥粒表达评估细胞附着情况。在两种细胞类型中半桥粒的形成和表达在时间上均滞后于粘着斑。与表皮角质形成细胞相比,牙龈来源的细胞在更早的时间点上调粘着斑和半桥粒表达。在4小时时,口腔牙龈细胞中的半桥粒表达比表皮角质形成细胞高3倍。我们的研究结果表明,更早的附着可能是牙种植体经皮界面成功的关键。

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