Diekstra R F
Division of Mental Health World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1989;354:1-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03043.x.
This article reviews the scope of suicide and attempted suicide as public health problems from an international perspective. Socio-demographic trends are analyzed and explanatory theories for international differences proposed. Suicide and attempted suicide can be prevented, but the development and evaluation of effective large-scale prevention programs is still in its infancy. Inadequacies in current programs across the world has promoted the establishment of national Task Forces on Suicide Prevention in the United States, Canada and The Netherlands, as well as a WHO strategy on suicide prevention. These groups have formulated comprehensive strategies for the prevention of suicide. The main components of these strategies are: Design and implementation of national research programs; The improvement of services; The provision of information and training on suicide prevention to relevant professional groups, organizations and the general public; and Formulation of strategies and techniques to deal with special risk groups. The added recommendations are seen as important steps in translating a comprehensive national plan to prevent suicide into clinical and research programs that can be effectively implemented to prevent these tragedies around the world.
本文从国际视角审视了自杀及自杀未遂作为公共卫生问题的范畴。分析了社会人口趋势，并提出了国际差异的解释性理论。自杀及自杀未遂是可以预防的，但有效的大规模预防项目的开发和评估仍处于起步阶段。世界各地现有项目的不足促使美国、加拿大和荷兰成立了国家自杀预防特别工作组，以及世界卫生组织的自杀预防战略。这些团体已制定了预防自杀的综合战略。这些战略的主要组成部分包括：设计和实施国家研究项目；改善服务；向相关专业团体、组织和公众提供自杀预防信息和培训；以及制定应对特殊风险群体的战略和技术。这些补充建议被视为将全面的国家预防自杀计划转化为可有效实施以防止世界各地此类悲剧的临床和研究项目的重要步骤。
