Landwehr Klaus
Psychologisches Institut, Universität Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany,
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2015 Aug;77(6):2145-52. doi: 10.3758/s13414-015-0900-y.
In three experiments, two independent samples of 12 observers each visually inspected modified versions of Titchener's ⊥ from which the T-junctions had been deleted. For Experiment 1, the ⊥'s two lines had been replaced by dashed lines not meeting in a common point; for Experiment 2, the ⊥ had been reduced to five dots, representing the original lines' end- and midpoints; and for Experiment 3 (in which the second sample of observers served), the ⊥ had been dissected into two separate lines, differently spaced from each other. Observers haptically indicated the lengths of the two orthogonal lines of the modified ⊥s and verbally judged their relative lengths or the distances between the corresponding dots. The common perceptual illusions persisted in Experiments 1 and 2, but were markedly weakened in Experiment 3. Implications for a neurophysiological account of the illusions in terms of bottom-up, long-range interactions between orientation-sensitive mechanisms versus top-down activation of a figural schema are spelled out.
在三项实验中，两个独立样本各有12名观察者，他们对蒂奇纳的⊥的修改版本进行了视觉检查，其中的T形交叉点已被删除。在实验1中，⊥的两条线被替换为不在同一点相交的虚线；在实验2中，⊥被简化为五个点，代表原线的端点和中点；在实验3中（其中第二组观察者参与），⊥被分解为两条相互间隔不同的单独线条。观察者通过触觉指出修改后的⊥的两条正交线的长度，并口头判断它们的相对长度或相应点之间的距离。常见的感知错觉在实验1和实验2中持续存在，但在实验3中明显减弱。文章阐述了关于错觉的神经生理学解释的相关观点，即基于自下而上的、方向敏感机制之间的长程相互作用与基于图形模式的自上而下激活。
