Gilbert Peter J, Polya David A, Cooke David A
Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK,
Environ Geochem Health. 2015 Aug;37(4):757-66. doi: 10.1007/s10653-015-9696-x. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
This study comprises a market-based survey to assess the arsenic (As) hazard of Cambodian rice, encompassing rice from seven Cambodian provinces, comparisons with rice imported from China, Vietnam and Thailand, and assessments of 15 rice varieties. Rice samples (n = 157) were collected from four large markets in Kandal Province and analysed for As using inductively coupled mass spectrometry. The mean As concentration for Cambodian rice (0.185 µg g(-1), range 0.047-0.771 µg g(-1)) was higher than that for imported rice from Vietnam and Thailand (0.162 and 0.157 µg g(-1), respectively) with mean As concentrations highest in rice from Prey Veng Province resulting in a daily dose of 1.77 µg kg(-1) b.w. (body weight) d(-1). Between unmilled rice varieties, Cambodian-grown White Sticky Rice had the highest mean As concentration (0.234 µg g(-1)), whilst White Sticky Rice produced in Thailand had the lowest (0.125 µg g(-1)), suggesting that localised conditions have greater bearing over rice As concentrations than differences in As uptake between individual varieties themselves. A rice and water consumption survey for 15 respondents in the village of Preak Russey revealed mean consumption rates of 522 g d(-1) of rice and 1.9 L d(-1) of water. At water As concentrations >1000 µg L(-1), the relative contribution to the daily dose from rice is low. When water As concentrations are lowered to 50 µg L(-1), daily doses from rice and water are both generally below the 3.0 µg kg(-1) b.w. d(-1) benchmark daily limit for a 0.5% increase in lung cancer, yet when combined they exceeded this value in all but three respondents.
本研究包括一项基于市场的调查，以评估柬埔寨大米的砷（As）危害，涵盖来自柬埔寨七个省份的大米，与从中国、越南和泰国进口的大米进行比较，并对15个水稻品种进行评估。从干丹省的四个大市场收集了大米样本（n = 157），并使用电感耦合质谱法分析其中的砷。柬埔寨大米的平均砷浓度（0.185 μg g⁻¹，范围为0.047 - 0.771 μg g⁻¹）高于从越南和泰国进口的大米（分别为0.162和0.157 μg g⁻¹），菩萨省大米的平均砷浓度最高，导致每日剂量为1.77 μg kg⁻¹体重⁻¹天⁻¹。在未加工的水稻品种中，柬埔寨种植的白糯米平均砷浓度最高（0.234 μg g⁻¹），而泰国生产的白糯米最低（0.125 μg g⁻¹），这表明局部条件对大米砷浓度的影响大于各个品种自身砷吸收差异的影响。对Preak Russey村的15名受访者进行的大米和水消费调查显示，大米的平均消费率为522 g天⁻¹，水的平均消费率为1.9 L天⁻¹。当水中砷浓度>1000 μg L⁻¹时，大米对每日剂量的相对贡献较低。当水中砷浓度降至50 μg L⁻¹时，大米和水的每日剂量通常都低于肺癌风险增加0.5%的3.0 μg kg⁻¹体重⁻¹天⁻¹基准每日限量，但除三名受访者外，两者结合后均超过了该值。
