Balmer R, Toumba K J, Munyombwe T, Duggal M S
Department of Child Dental Health, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK,
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015 Jun;16(3):257-64. doi: 10.1007/s40368-014-0170-8. Epub 2015 Apr 18.
To compare the clinical presentation of two cohorts of children diagnosed with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and living in areas of low and high background fluoridation.
The study population comprised 12-year-old children participating in the 2008-2009 National Dental Epidemiological Programme in five regions in Northern England. Participating dentists were trained and calibrated in the use of the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Children were examined at school under direct vision with the aid of a dental mirror. First permanent molars and incisors were recorded for the presence and type of enamel defects greater than 2 mm. A diagnosis of MIH was ascribed to any child with a demarcated defect in any first permanent molar. Risk ratios for the occurrence of demarcated, diffuse and hypoplastic defects were generated for MIH children in the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area.
3,233 children were examined. The prevalence of MIH in the fluoridated community was 11 % and in the non-fluoridated community was 17.5 %. Incisors in children with MIH were at greater risk of having demarcated defects (risk ratio 4.0, 3.6-4.5) and diffuse defects (risk ratio 2.2, 2.0-2.5). Molars in children with MIH were at greater risk of diffuse defects (risk ratio 4.4, 3.8-5.0). The teeth of children with MIH living in the fluoridated area were at greater risk of demarcated defects for both incisors (risk ratio 1.6, 1.3-2.0) and molars (risk ratio 1.3, 1.2-1.5) relative to the teeth of MIH children living in the non-fluoridated area.
Children with MIH were at increased risk of both diffuse and demarcated defects in their incisors. Children with MIH living in the fluoridated area were at increased risk of diffuse and demarcated defects relative to MIH children living in the non-fluoridated area.
比较两组被诊断为磨牙切牙矿化不全（MIH）且生活在低背景氟含量地区和高背景氟含量地区的儿童的临床表现。
研究人群包括参与2008 - 2009年英格兰北部五个地区国家牙科流行病学项目的12岁儿童。参与研究的牙医接受了使用改良釉质发育缺陷指数的培训并进行了校准。在学校借助牙科镜在直视下对儿童进行检查。记录第一恒磨牙和切牙上大于2毫米的釉质缺陷的存在情况和类型。任何第一恒磨牙有界限性缺陷的儿童被诊断为MIH。计算了氟含量地区和非氟含量地区MIH儿童出现界限性、弥漫性和发育不全性缺陷的风险比。
共检查了3233名儿童。氟含量地区MIH的患病率为11%，非氟含量地区为17.5%。MIH儿童的切牙出现界限性缺陷（风险比4.0，3.6 - 4.5）和弥漫性缺陷（风险比2.2，2.0 - 2.5）的风险更高。MIH儿童的磨牙出现弥漫性缺陷的风险更高（风险比4.4，3.8 - 5.0）。相对于生活在非氟含量地区的MIH儿童的牙齿，生活在氟含量地区的MIH儿童的切牙（风险比1.6，1.3 - 2.0）和磨牙（风险比1.3，1.2 - 1.5）出现界限性缺陷的风险更高。
MIH儿童切牙出现弥漫性和界限性缺陷的风险增加。相对于生活在非氟含量地区的MIH儿童，生活在氟含量地区的MIH儿童出现弥漫性和界限性缺陷的风险增加。
