Easley S P, Coelho A M, Taylor L L
Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78284.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1989 Nov;80(3):353-68. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330800309.
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that among unrelated male baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) in single-gender social groups there is no significant association between dominance status and allogrooming performance. The hypothesis was tested using behavioral measures obtained by focal animal sampling techniques. The results indicate that unrelated male baboons established well-defined linear dominance hierarchies, formed allogrooming relationships with one another, and exhibited a nonrandom distribution of allogrooming; however, there were no significant relationships between dominance rank and the frequency of allogrooming. We further tested our results by grouping individuals into three dominance status classes (high, middle, and low) and comparing the classes. Analysis of variance demonstrated no significant differences in rates of allogrooming by dominance class. These results suggest that dominance did not account for the variation in observed allogrooming behavior: Dominance status did not appear to determine the frequency with which animals groomed others, the number of grooming partners, or frequency of grooming that any individual received in comparison to that performed. High-ranking animals did not have significantly more grooming partners than low-ranking animals, and there appeared to be little competition within the groups for subordinates to groom high-ranking animals. When age, kinship, and group tenure are controlled, performance and reception of allogrooming are not strongly associated with dominance in single-gender social groups of male anubis baboons.
在单性别社会群体中的无亲缘关系雄性狒狒（东非狒狒）中，优势地位与相互梳理毛发行为之间不存在显著关联。该假设通过焦点动物取样技术获得的行为测量数据进行检验。结果表明，无亲缘关系的雄性狒狒建立了明确的线性优势等级制度，彼此之间形成了相互梳理毛发的关系，并且呈现出非随机的相互梳理毛发分布；然而，优势等级与相互梳理毛发的频率之间没有显著关系。我们进一步通过将个体分为三个优势地位类别（高、中、低）并比较这些类别来检验我们的结果。方差分析表明，不同优势类别之间在相互梳理毛发的速率上没有显著差异。这些结果表明，优势地位并不能解释观察到的相互梳理毛发行为的差异：优势地位似乎并未决定动物梳理其他个体的频率、梳理伙伴的数量，或者与自身梳理频率相比任何个体接受梳理的频率。高等级动物的梳理伙伴数量并不比低等级动物显著更多，并且在群体中似乎不存在下属为高等级动物梳理毛发的激烈竞争。当控制年龄、亲缘关系和群体任期时，在单性别社会群体的雄性东非狒狒中，相互梳理毛发的行为表现和接受情况与优势地位没有强烈关联。
