Crockford Catherine, Wittig Roman M, Whitten Patricia L, Seyfarth Robert M, Cheney Dorothy L
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Horm Behav. 2008 Jan;53(1):254-65. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.10.007. Epub 2007 Oct 22.
We examined the social correlates of fecal glucocorticoid (GC) levels in wild female baboons during a period of social and demographic stability. Females' GC levels were not affected by individual attributes such as number of kin or dominance rank, nor could we detect any significant seasonal effects. Instead, GC levels were influenced by behavioral attributes that varied between individuals and within individuals across time. Pregnant and cycling females who received high rates of aggression had higher GC levels than others. In contrast, pregnant and cycling females who received grunts - vocal signals of benign intent - at high frequencies from dominant females had lower GC levels than females who received grunts at lower frequencies. Lactating females showed the opposite trend, apparently as a consequence of the high rate of grunting and intense, unsolicited attention that their infants received from others. All females experienced lower GC levels in months when they concentrated their grooming among a small number of partners than when their grooming was more evenly distributed among many partners. Although GC levels in female baboons are most strongly influenced by events that directly affect their reproductive success, subtle social factors associated with the loss of predictability and control also seem to exert an effect. Loss of control may be mitigated if a female is able to predict others' intentions - for example, if others grunt to her to signal their intentions - and if she is able to express some preference over the timing and identities of her grooming partners.
我们研究了野生雌性狒狒在社会和人口结构稳定时期粪便中糖皮质激素（GC）水平的社会关联因素。雌性的GC水平不受亲属数量或优势等级等个体属性的影响，我们也未检测到任何显著的季节效应。相反，GC水平受行为属性的影响，这些行为属性在个体之间以及个体内部随时间而变化。遭受高频率攻击的怀孕和处于发情期的雌性比其他雌性具有更高的GC水平。相比之下，从优势雌性那里高频接收呼噜声（良性意图的发声信号）的怀孕和处于发情期的雌性，其GC水平低于低频接收呼噜声的雌性。哺乳期雌性呈现相反的趋势，显然这是由于它们的幼崽从其他个体那里获得了高频率的呼噜声以及强烈的、主动的关注。所有雌性在将梳理毛发集中于少数伙伴的月份里，其GC水平低于梳理毛发更均匀地分布于众多伙伴的月份。尽管雌性狒狒的GC水平受直接影响其繁殖成功率的事件影响最大，但与可预测性和控制权丧失相关的微妙社会因素似乎也会产生影响。如果雌性能够预测其他个体的意图——例如，如果其他个体向她发出呼噜声以表明意图——并且如果她能够对梳理毛发伙伴的时间和身份表达一些偏好，那么控制权的丧失可能会得到缓解。
