Yunusbayev Bayazit, Metspalu Mait, Metspalu Ene, Valeev Albert, Litvinov Sergei, Valiev Ruslan, Akhmetova Vita, Balanovska Elena, Balanovsky Oleg, Turdikulova Shahlo, Dalimova Dilbar, Nymadawa Pagbajabyn, Bahmanimehr Ardeshir, Sahakyan Hovhannes, Tambets Kristiina, Fedorova Sardana, Barashkov Nikolay, Khidiyatova Irina, Mihailov Evelin, Khusainova Rita, Damba Larisa, Derenko Miroslava, Malyarchuk Boris, Osipova Ludmila, Voevoda Mikhail, Yepiskoposyan Levon, Kivisild Toomas, Khusnutdinova Elza, Villems Richard
Evolutionary Biology group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Evolutionary Biology group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
PLoS Genet. 2015 Apr 21;11(4):e1005068. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068. eCollection 2015 Apr.
The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages. These groups have dispersed across a vast area, including Siberia, Northwest China, Central Asia, East Europe, the Caucasus, Anatolia, the Middle East, and Afghanistan. The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. Previous genetic studies have not identified a clear-cut unifying genetic signal for the Turkic peoples, which lends support for language replacement rather than demic diffusion as the model for the Turkic language's expansion. We addressed the genetic origin of 373 individuals from 22 Turkic-speaking populations, representing their current geographic range, by analyzing genome-wide high-density genotype data. In agreement with the elite dominance model of language expansion most of the Turkic peoples studied genetically resemble their geographic neighbors. However, western Turkic peoples sampled across West Eurasia shared an excess of long chromosomal tracts that are identical by descent (IBD) with populations from present-day South Siberia and Mongolia (SSM), an area where historians center a series of early Turkic and non-Turkic steppe polities. While SSM matching IBD tracts (> 1cM) are also observed in non-Turkic populations, Turkic peoples demonstrate a higher percentage of such tracts (p-values ≤ 0.01) compared to their non-Turkic neighbors. Finally, we used the ALDER method and inferred admixture dates (~9th-17th centuries) that overlap with the Turkic migrations of the 5th-16th centuries. Thus, our results indicate historical admixture among Turkic peoples, and the recent shared ancestry with modern populations in SSM supports one of the hypothesized homelands for their nomadic Turkic and related Mongolic ancestors.
突厥民族是由突厥语定义的多种不同族群的集合。这些族群分布在广阔的区域，包括西伯利亚、中国西北、中亚、东欧、高加索地区、安纳托利亚、中东和阿富汗。突厥民族的起源和早期迁徙历史存在争议，其古代家园的候选地范围从里海草原到东北亚的满洲。此前的基因研究尚未确定突厥民族有明确统一的基因信号，这支持了语言替代而非人口扩散作为突厥语扩张模式的观点。我们通过分析全基因组高密度基因型数据，研究了来自22个讲突厥语群体的373个人的基因起源，这些群体代表了他们当前的地理分布范围。与语言扩张的精英主导模型一致，大多数接受基因研究的突厥民族在基因上与其地理上的邻居相似。然而，在西亚采样的西突厥民族与来自当今南西伯利亚和蒙古（SSM）的群体共享了过多的、通过血缘相同（IBD）的长染色体片段，历史学家认为该地区是一系列早期突厥和非突厥草原政权的中心地区。虽然在非突厥群体中也观察到了与SSM匹配的IBD片段（>1厘摩），但突厥民族与他们的非突厥邻居相比，此类片段的比例更高（p值≤0.01）。最后，我们使用了ALDER方法并推断出混合日期（约9至17世纪），这与5至16世纪的突厥迁徙时间重叠。因此，我们的结果表明突厥民族之间存在历史上的混合，并且最近与SSM现代人群的共同祖先支持了他们游牧的突厥及相关蒙古祖先的一个假设家园。
