De Boer L, Brouwer J W, Van Hassel C W, Levering P R, Dijkhuizen L
Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1989 Oct;56(3):221-32. doi: 10.1007/BF00418934.
The metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA) in Arthrobacter P1 involved the enzymes TMA monooxygenase and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMA-NO) demethylase, and DMA monooxygenase, respectively. The methylamine and formaldehyde produced were further metabolized via a primary amine oxidase and the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) cycle. The amine oxidase showed activity with various aliphatic primary amines and benzylamine. The organism was able to use methylamine, ethylamine and propylamine as carbon- and nitrogen sources for growth. Butylamine and benzylamine only functioned as nitrogen sources. Growth on glucose with ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine and benzylamine resulted in accumulation of the respective aldehydes. In case of ethylamine and propylamine this was due to repression by glucose of the synthesis of the aldehyde dehydrogenase(s) required for their further metabolism. Growth on glucose/methylamine did not result in repression of the RuMP cycle enzyme hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (HPS). High levels of this enzyme were present in the cells and as a result formaldehyde did not accumulate. Ammonia assimilation in Arthrobacter P1 involved NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), NAD-dependent alanine dehydrogenase (ADH) and glutamine synthetase (GS) as key enzymes. In batch cultures both GDH and GS displayed highest levels during growth on acetate with methylamine as the nitrogen source. A further increase in the levels of GS, but not GDH, was observed under ammonia-limited growth conditions in continuous cultures with acetate or glucose as carbon sources.
节杆菌P1中三甲胺（TMA）和二甲胺（DMA）的代谢分别涉及TMA单加氧酶、三甲胺 - N - 氧化物（TMA - NO）脱甲基酶以及DMA单加氧酶。产生的甲胺和甲醛通过伯胺氧化酶和核糖磷酸（RuMP）循环进一步代谢。该胺氧化酶对多种脂肪族伯胺和苄胺具有活性。该微生物能够利用甲胺、乙胺和丙胺作为生长的碳源和氮源。丁胺和苄胺仅作为氮源。在以葡萄糖为碳源，同时添加乙胺、丙胺、丁胺和苄胺的条件下生长会导致相应醛类的积累。对于乙胺和丙胺而言，这是由于葡萄糖抑制了它们进一步代谢所需的醛脱氢酶的合成。在以葡萄糖/甲胺为培养基的条件下生长不会导致RuMP循环酶6 - 磷酸己酮糖合酶（HPS）受到抑制。细胞中该酶水平较高，因此甲醛不会积累。节杆菌P1中的氨同化作用涉及以NADP为依赖的谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）、以NAD为依赖的丙氨酸脱氢酶（ADH）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）作为关键酶。在分批培养中，以乙酸盐为碳源、甲胺为氮源生长时，GDH和GS的水平均最高。在以乙酸盐或葡萄糖为碳源的连续培养中，在氨限制的生长条件下，观察到GS水平进一步升高，但GDH水平未升高。
