Doherty T A, Broide D H
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2015;25(1):1-11; quiz 2p following 11.
Allergic diseases are characterized by tissue eosinophilia, mucus secretion, IgE production, and activation of mast cells and TH2 cells. Production of TH2 cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 has mainly been attributed to CD4+T(H)2 cells. However, the recent discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in humans and findings from experimental disease models have challenged conventional concepts associated with the contribution of specific cells to type 2 inflammation in allergic diseases. ILC2s produce high levels of T(H)2 cytokines and have been detected in human lung tissue, peripheral blood, the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and sinonasal tissue, suggesting that ILC2s could contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and gastrointestinal allergic disease. Moreover, depletion of ILC2s in animal models suggests a role for these cells in atopic dermatitis and asthma. This review will focus on the role of ILC2s in human allergy and asthma and provide a mechanistic insight from animal models.
过敏性疾病的特征是组织嗜酸性粒细胞增多、黏液分泌、IgE产生以及肥大细胞和TH2细胞的激活。包括IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在内的TH2细胞因子主要由CD4+T(H)2细胞产生。然而，人类2型固有淋巴细胞（ILC2s）的最新发现以及实验性疾病模型的研究结果，对与特定细胞在过敏性疾病2型炎症中所起作用相关的传统概念提出了挑战。ILC2s产生高水平的T(H)2细胞因子，并且已在人肺组织、外周血、胃肠道、皮肤和鼻窦组织中检测到，这表明ILC2s可能与慢性鼻窦炎、哮喘、特应性皮炎和胃肠道过敏性疾病有关。此外，动物模型中ILC2s的缺失表明这些细胞在特应性皮炎和哮喘中发挥作用。本综述将聚焦于ILC2s在人类过敏和哮喘中的作用，并从动物模型中提供机制方面的见解。
