Ting S, Synoracki S, Schmid K W
Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
Pathologe. 2015 May;36(3):246-53. doi: 10.1007/s00292-015-0019-x.
The C cells (parafollicular) of the human thyroid gland are predominantly located within the thyroid follicles, are of neuroendocrine origin and produce and secrete the peptide hormone calcitonin. Calcitonin is clinically utilized as a screening marker to detect occult medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) as well as in the follow-up of patients with MTC. An increase in the number of C cells is designated as C cell hyperplasia (CCH). Neoplastic CCH is caused by an autosomal dominant inherited mutation of the RET protooncogene, which develops into invasive familial MTC in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 depending on the location of the mutation in the RET gene with a high variation in latency. According to the current state of knowledge CCH without a germline mutation in the RET protooncogene, designated as non-MEN2-associated CCH, seems to be unrelated to the development of sporadic MTC.
人甲状腺的C细胞（滤泡旁细胞）主要位于甲状腺滤泡内，起源于神经内分泌，产生并分泌肽类激素降钙素。降钙素在临床上用作筛查标志物以检测隐匿性甲状腺髓样癌（MTC），也用于MTC患者的随访。C细胞数量增加被称为C细胞增生（CCH）。肿瘤性CCH由RET原癌基因的常染色体显性遗传突变引起，根据RET基因中突变的位置，在2型多发性内分泌肿瘤（MEN）情况下发展为侵袭性家族性MTC，潜伏期差异很大。根据目前的知识状态，RET原癌基因无种系突变的CCH（称为非MEN2相关CCH）似乎与散发性MTC的发生无关。
