肺、甲状腺及胸腺的神经内分泌肿瘤
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Lungs, Thyroid, and Thymus.
作者信息
Buchalska Barbara, Solnik Małgorzata, Maciejewski Karol, Fudalej Marta, Deptała Andrzej, Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna
机构信息
Students' Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Oncology Propaedeutics, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland.
Department Oncology Propaedeutics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
出版信息
Biomedicines. 2025 Apr 24;13(5):1028. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13051028.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a group of tumours that can develop in various internal organs, but in this review, we will describe only those arising in the lungs, thyroid, and thymus. Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (pulmonary NENs) account for approximately 25% of all lung cancers. They are classified into four groups of tumours: typical carcinoids (TCs), atypical carcinoids (ACs), small cell lung carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma. This review focuses on TC and AC. The treatment consists mainly of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection, but novel drugs like atezolizumab are also utilised. The most common neuroendocrine neoplasm of the thyroid gland is medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which commonly possesses protooncogene mutations. MTC is treated by a total thyroidectomy. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as an effective treatment option for patients with advanced MTC. Neuroendocrine tumours of the thymus (NETTs) are also being treated with a radical surgery.
神经内分泌肿瘤（NENs）是一组可发生于各种内脏器官的肿瘤，但在本综述中，我们仅描述发生于肺、甲状腺和胸腺的肿瘤。肺神经内分泌肿瘤（肺NENs）约占所有肺癌的25%。它们被分为四类肿瘤：典型类癌（TCs）、非典型类癌（ACs）、小细胞肺癌和大细胞肺癌。本综述重点关注TC和AC。治疗主要包括放疗、化疗和手术切除，但也使用阿替利珠单抗等新药。甲状腺最常见的神经内分泌肿瘤是甲状腺髓样癌（MTC），其通常具有原癌基因突变。MTC通过全甲状腺切除术治疗。最近，酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）已成为晚期MTC患者的一种有效治疗选择。胸腺神经内分泌肿瘤（NETTs）也采用根治性手术治疗。
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