Kulazhenko V P, Bragina Z N
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1989 Aug;97(8):58-64.
Morphological and, in a number of cases, cytogenetical investigation has been performed in 420 intact embryonal sacs and in embryos 7-8-week-old, obtained at spontaneous abortions (272) and at tubal pregnancy (148). Among these cases 202 (48.1%) intact empty embryonal sacs, 75 (17.9%) embryos with panorganodysplasia, 25 (6%) embryos with isolated developmental defects and 118 (28%) phenotypically normal embryos have been revealed. Pathology of amniogenesis such as aplasia or hypoplasia of the amniotic cavity is noted in 136 (32.4%) cases. Among 75 embryos with panorganodysplasia anomalies such as hypoplasia of the amniotic cavity in combination with a partial extra-amniotic++ position of the embryos in exocelom (10.7%), aplasia (5.3%) or hypoplasia (17.3%) amniotic peduncle is present in 43 (57.3%) observations. Out of 40 such cases at spontaneous abortions, cytogenetically investigated, in 27 (67.5%) chromosomal disorders (tetraploidy, triploidy, autosomal trisomy and monosomy) are revealed. Aplasia and hypoplasia of the amniotic cavity are considered as pathology of histogenesis at the tissue stage of the early human ontogenesis, that most evidently occurs as a result of asplasia, destruction or anomaly of embryoblast during the first phase of gastrulation on the 7th-11th day of the intrauterine development.
对420个完整的胚囊以及7至8周龄的胚胎进行了形态学研究，在某些情况下还进行了细胞遗传学研究，这些胚囊和胚胎取自自然流产（272例）和输卵管妊娠（148例）。在这些病例中，发现了202个（48.1%）完整的空胚囊、75个（17.9%）伴有全身器官发育不全的胚胎、25个（6%）伴有孤立性发育缺陷的胚胎以及118个（28%）表型正常的胚胎。136例（32.4%）病例中存在羊膜形成病理学改变，如羊膜腔发育不全或发育不良。在75个伴有全身器官发育不全的胚胎中，43例（57.3%）观察到羊膜腔发育不全并伴有胚胎在胚外体腔中的部分羊膜外++位置（10.7%）、羊膜蒂发育不全（5.3%）或发育不良（17.3%）。在40例经细胞遗传学研究的自然流产病例中，27例（67.5%）发现了染色体疾病（四倍体、三倍体、常染色体三体和单体）。羊膜腔发育不全和发育不良被认为是人类早期个体发育组织阶段的组织发生病理学改变，最明显的是在子宫内发育第7至11天的原肠胚形成第一阶段，由于成胚细胞发育不全、破坏或异常所致。
