Krantz Seth B, Meyers Bryan F
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box: 8234, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Section of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box: 8234, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Thorac Surg Clin. 2015 May;25(2):155-60. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2014.11.003. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
Results of the recent National Lung Cancer Screening Trial show a significant survival benefit for annual screening with a low-dose computed tomographic (CT) scan in high-risk individuals. This result has led the US Preventive Services Task Force to recommend annual low-dose CT scans for this at-risk population. Less well characterized are the risks from screening. The primary risks from screening are radiation exposure, false-positive results and unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, overdiagnosis and overtreatment, and increased psychological distress. This article reviews these risks, which must be considered and weighed against the benefits when discussing enrollment with patients.
近期全国肺癌筛查试验的结果显示，对高危个体进行年度低剂量计算机断层扫描（CT）筛查可带来显著的生存获益。这一结果促使美国预防服务工作组建议对该高危人群进行年度低剂量CT扫描。筛查的风险特征尚不明确。筛查的主要风险包括辐射暴露、假阳性结果以及不必要的诊断和治疗程序、过度诊断和过度治疗，还有心理困扰增加。本文回顾了这些风险，在与患者讨论参与筛查时，必须考虑这些风险并权衡其与获益的关系。
