Ang Yvonne L E, Tan Hon-Lyn, Soo Ross A
Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228
Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2015 Oct;9(5):224-35. doi: 10.1177/1753465815581147. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
The management of advanced stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been altered by the recognition of histology-based treatment and the use of targeted therapy. Whilst outcomes have improved with adenocarcinoma, treatment options are still limited in advanced stage squamous cell lung cancer. With advances in the molecular characterization of squamous cell cancers (SCCs), new potential targets have been identified. In this review, we discuss the role of histology in the treatment of NSCLC, cytotoxic chemotherapy, existing targeted therapies, the new molecular subsets and novel inhibitors in squamous cell lung carcinoma, and the emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Based on the results of two recent studies, nivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the treatment of squamous cell NSCLC in the second-line setting. Well-designed biomarker driven studies are needed to accelerate the development and approval of novel therapies for patients with lung SCC.
基于组织学的治疗方法的认识和靶向治疗的应用改变了晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的治疗方式。虽然腺癌患者的治疗效果有所改善，但晚期鳞状细胞肺癌的治疗选择仍然有限。随着鳞状细胞癌（SCC）分子特征研究的进展，已确定了新的潜在靶点。在本综述中，我们讨论了组织学在NSCLC治疗中的作用、细胞毒性化疗、现有的靶向治疗、鳞状细胞肺癌中的新分子亚群和新型抑制剂，以及免疫检查点抑制剂的新兴作用。基于最近两项研究的结果，程序性死亡1（PD-1）免疫检查点抑制剂纳武单抗已被美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于二线治疗鳞状细胞NSCLC。需要精心设计的生物标志物驱动研究，以加速针对肺SCC患者的新型疗法的开发和批准。
