Yuswir Nurul Syazani, Praveena Sarva Mangala, Aris Ahmad Zaharin, Ismail Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed, Hashim Zailina
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia,
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015 Jul;95(1):80-9. doi: 10.1007/s00128-015-1544-2. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
Urban environmental quality is vital to be investigated as the majority of people live in cities. However, given the continuous urbanization and industrialization in urban areas, heavy metals are continuously emitted into the terrestrial environment and pose a great threat to human. In this study, a total of 76 urban surface soil samples were collected in the Klang district (Malaysia), and analyzed for total and bioavailable heavy metal concentrations by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results showed that the concentrations of bioavailable heavy metals declined in the order of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, and Cr, and the concentrations of total heavy metals declined in the order of Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, and Cd. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that heavy metals could be grouped into three principal components, with PC1 containing Al and Fe, PC2 comprising Cd, Co, Cr, and Cu, and PC3 with only Zn. PCA results showed that PC1 may originate from natural sources, whereas PC2 and PC3 most likely originated from anthropogenic sources. Health risk assessment indicated that heavy metal contamination in the Klang district was below the acceptable threshold for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in adults, but above the acceptable threshold for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in children.
由于大多数人生活在城市，城市环境质量至关重要，需要进行调查。然而，鉴于城市地区持续的城市化和工业化，重金属不断排放到陆地环境中，对人类构成巨大威胁。在本研究中，共采集了马来西亚巴生地区76个城市表层土壤样本，并采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法分析了总重金属和生物可利用重金属的浓度。结果表明，生物可利用重金属浓度的下降顺序为铝、铁、锌、铜、钴、镉、铅和铬，总重金属浓度的下降顺序为铁、铝、铜、锌、铅、铬、钴和镉。主成分分析（PCA）表明，重金属可分为三个主成分，PC1包含铝和铁，PC2包含镉、钴、铬和铜，PC3仅包含锌。PCA结果表明，PC1可能源自自然源，而PC2和PC3最有可能源自人为源。健康风险评估表明，巴生地区的重金属污染低于成年人致癌和非致癌风险的可接受阈值，但高于儿童致癌和非致癌风险的可接受阈值。
