Bragg Jason G, Supple Megan A, Andrew Rose L, Borevitz Justin O
Research School of Biology and Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia.
New Phytol. 2015 Sep;207(4):953-67. doi: 10.1111/nph.13410. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
The distribution of genomic variation across landscapes can provide insights into the complex interactions between the environment and the genome that influence the distribution of species, and mediate phenotypic adaptation to local conditions. High throughput sequencing technologies now offer unprecedented power to explore these interactions, allowing powerful inferences about historical processes of colonization, gene flow and divergence, as well as the identification of loci that mediate local adaptation. These 'landscape genomic' approaches have been validated in model species and are now being applied to nonmodel organisms, including foundation species that have substantial effects on ecosystem processes. Here we review the growing field of landscape genomics from a very broad perspective. In particular, we describe the inferential power that is gained by taking a genome-wide view of genetic variation, strategies for study design to best capture adaptive variation, and how to apply this information to practical challenges, such as restoration.
基因组变异在不同景观中的分布能够为理解环境与基因组之间的复杂相互作用提供见解，这些相互作用影响着物种的分布，并介导表型对当地条件的适应。高通量测序技术如今为探索这些相互作用提供了前所未有的能力，使得我们能够对殖民化、基因流动和分化的历史过程进行有力推断，同时也能够识别介导局部适应的基因座。这些“景观基因组学”方法已在模式物种中得到验证，目前正应用于非模式生物，包括对生态系统过程有重大影响的基础物种。在此，我们从非常广泛的视角审视景观基因组学这一不断发展的领域。特别是，我们描述了通过对遗传变异进行全基因组视角所获得的推断能力、用于最佳捕捉适应性变异的研究设计策略，以及如何将这些信息应用于实际挑战，如恢复工作。
