Jane John A., Catalino Michael P., Laws Edward R.
Professor of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, CDW Room 3530, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800212, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0711
Chief Resident, Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7060, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
The overwhelming majority of pituitary adenomas are benign and present either with characteristic syndromes of excess hormone secretion or secondary to mass effect by the growing tumor. The common hypersecretory syndromes include Cushing’s disease, acromegaly/gigantism, and hyperprolactinemia. Local mass effects on the pituitary can cause varying degrees of hypopituitarism. As the tumor grows beyond the confines of the sella turcica, the visual pathways are commonly affected and visual field deficits are present. Effective medical therapy is available for prolactin secreting adenomas. With the exception of these tumors, transsphenoidal surgery remains the first-line treatment for most other pituitary adenomas. Medical therapy for growth hormone secreting adenomas and for Cushing’s disease continues to evolve. For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG.
绝大多数垂体腺瘤是良性的，要么表现为激素分泌过多的特征性综合征，要么继发于肿瘤生长导致的占位效应。常见的高分泌综合征包括库欣病、肢端肥大症/巨人症和高泌乳素血症。垂体的局部占位效应可导致不同程度的垂体功能减退。随着肿瘤生长超出蝶鞍范围，视觉通路通常会受到影响并出现视野缺损。对于分泌泌乳素的腺瘤，有有效的药物治疗方法。除了这些肿瘤外，经蝶窦手术仍然是大多数其他垂体腺瘤的一线治疗方法。针对分泌生长激素的腺瘤和库欣病的药物治疗仍在不断发展。如需全面涵盖内分泌学的所有相关领域，请访问我们的在线免费网络文本，网址为WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG。
