Austic E A
Injury Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Suite B10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Jul 1;152:224-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.034. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
To produce population-level, year- and age-specific risk estimates of first time nonmedical use of prescription stimulants among young people in the United States.
Data are from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health 2004-2012; a nationally representative probability sample survey administered each year. Subpopulations included youths aged 12 to 21 years (n=240,160) who had not used prescription stimulants nonmedically prior to their year of survey assessment. A meta-analytic approach was used to produce population-level age-, year-, and cohort-specific risk estimates of first time nonmedical use of prescription stimulants.
Peak risk of starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants was concentrated between ages 16 and 19 years, when an estimated 0.7% to 0.8% of young people reported nonmedical use of these medicines for the first time in the past twelve months. Smaller risk estimates ranging from 0.1% to 0.6% were observed at ages 12 to 15 years and 20 to 21 years. Compared with males, females were more likely to have started nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (odds ratio=1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.62), particularly between the ages of 14 and 19. Females showed a peak annual incidence rate of 1% at age 18, while males the same age showed an incidence rate of 0.5%.
Peak annual incidence rates for nonmedical use of prescription stimulants were observed between the ages of 16 and 19 years. There is reason to initiate interventions during the earlier adolescent years to prevent youths from starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants.
在美国年轻人中，生成首次非医疗用途使用处方兴奋剂的人群水平、按年份和年龄划分的风险估计值。
数据来自2004 - 2012年全国药物使用和健康调查；这是一项每年进行的具有全国代表性的概率抽样调查。亚人群包括12至21岁（n = 240,160）在调查评估年份之前未非医疗用途使用过处方兴奋剂的青少年。采用荟萃分析方法生成首次非医疗用途使用处方兴奋剂的人群水平、按年龄、年份和队列划分的风险估计值。
开始非医疗用途使用处方兴奋剂的风险高峰集中在16至19岁之间，估计在过去十二个月中有0.7%至0.8%的年轻人首次非医疗用途使用这些药物。在12至15岁和20至21岁观察到较小的风险估计值，范围从0.1%至0.6%。与男性相比，女性更有可能开始非医疗用途使用处方兴奋剂（优势比 = 1.35；95%置信区间，1.13 - 1.62），特别是在14至19岁之间。18岁女性的年发病率峰值为1%，而同龄男性的发病率为0.5%。
观察到非医疗用途使用处方兴奋剂的年发病率峰值在16至19岁之间。有理由在青少年早期开展干预措施，以防止青少年开始非医疗用途使用处方兴奋剂。
