From the Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (R.T.A.M., M.B., M.M.N.S., C.W.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (R.T.A.M., C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.).
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015 Jun;35(6):1339-46. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.304875. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Improving vascular prevention and therapy based on a refined mechanistic pervasion of atherosclerosis as the underlying pathology could limit the effect of vascular disease in aging societies. During the past decades, microscopy has contributed greatly to a better understanding of vascular physiology and pathology by allowing imaging of living specimen with subcellular resolution and high specificity. An important advance has been accomplished through the application of multiphoton microscopy in the vascular domain, a technological development that enabled multidimensional and dynamic imaging deep into the cellular architecture of intact tissue under physiological conditions. To identify and validate new targets for treating atherosclerosis, novel imaging strategies with nanoscale resolution will be essential to visualize molecular processes in intracellular and extracellular compartments. This review will discuss the current use of 2-photon microscopy and will provide an overview and outlook on options for introducing nanoscopic optical imaging modalities in atherosclerosis research.
心血管疾病是全球范围内导致死亡和发病的主要原因。基于对动脉粥样硬化这一潜在病理学的精细机制渗透，改善血管预防和治疗方法，可以限制老龄化社会中血管疾病的影响。在过去的几十年中，显微镜技术通过对活标本进行亚细胞分辨率和高特异性的成像，为更好地理解血管生理学和病理学做出了巨大贡献。多光子显微镜在血管领域的应用是一个重要的进展，这项技术发展使人们能够在生理条件下对完整组织的细胞结构进行多维和动态成像。为了识别和验证治疗动脉粥样硬化的新靶点，需要具有纳米级分辨率的新型成像策略来可视化细胞内和细胞外隔室中的分子过程。这篇综述将讨论 2 光子显微镜的当前应用，并概述和展望在动脉粥样硬化研究中引入纳米级光学成像模式的选择。
