Zavadenko N N, Doronina O B, Nesterovsky Yu E
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow.
Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2015;115(1):102-109. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201511511102-109.
Chronic tics (CT) are observed in 3-4% population, Tourette syndrome (TS) in 0.1-3.0%. In most cases, tic disorders start at age 2-15 years, but frequently they are diagnosed late. Clinical presentations of tics and comorbid disorders are various and depend on child's age. Difficulties in treatment of CT are associated with their persistence and those for TS with the fluctuating course of tics and probable onset of the disease in the form of behavioral disorders. Treatment of CT and TS is individual. Methods of behavioral and psychotherapy are recommended for a certain period of time if tics do not hamper everyday life. Increase in tick frequency and severity indicate the necessity of using pharmacological treatment. The European recommendations on pharmacotherapy of tic disorders and the drugs available in Russia are considered. Results of the studies on the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs and tenoten children in CT and TS are presented.
慢性抽动症（CT）在3%-4%的人群中可见，妥瑞氏症（TS）在0.1%-3.0%的人群中可见。在大多数情况下，抽动障碍始于2至15岁，但往往诊断较晚。抽动症和共病的临床表现多种多样，且取决于儿童的年龄。CT治疗困难与其持续性有关，而TS治疗困难则与抽动症病程波动以及疾病可能以行为障碍形式发作有关。CT和TS的治疗是个体化的。如果抽动症不妨碍日常生活，在一定时期内推荐采用行为和心理治疗方法。抽动频率和严重程度增加表明有必要使用药物治疗。文中考虑了欧洲关于抽动障碍药物治疗的建议以及俄罗斯可用的药物。还介绍了抗癫痫药物和替诺汀治疗儿童CT和TS疗效的研究结果。
