Mäkelä Miia R, Marinović Mila, Nousiainen Paula, Liwanag April J M, Benoit Isabelle, Sipilä Jussi, Hatakka Annele, de Vries Ronald P, Hildén Kristiina S
Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Adv Appl Microbiol. 2015;91:63-137. doi: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2014.12.001. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
The biological conversion of plant lignocellulose plays an essential role not only in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems but also is an important part of the production of second generation biofuels and biochemicals. The presence of the recalcitrant aromatic polymer lignin is one of the major obstacles in the biofuel/biochemical production process and therefore microbial degradation of lignin is receiving a great deal of attention. Fungi are the main degraders of plant biomass, and in particular the basidiomycete white rot fungi are of major importance in converting plant aromatics due to their ability to degrade lignin. However, the aromatic monomers that are released from lignin and other aromatic compounds of plant biomass are toxic for most fungi already at low levels, and therefore conversion of these compounds to less toxic metabolites is essential for fungi. Although the release of aromatic compounds from plant biomass by fungi has been studied extensively, relatively little attention has been given to the metabolic pathways that convert the resulting aromatic monomers. In this review we provide an overview of the aromatic components of plant biomass, and their release and conversion by fungi. Finally, we will summarize the applications of fungal systems related to plant aromatics.
植物木质纤维素的生物转化不仅在陆地生态系统的碳循环中起着至关重要的作用，也是第二代生物燃料和生物化学品生产的重要组成部分。难降解的芳香族聚合物木质素的存在是生物燃料/生物化学品生产过程中的主要障碍之一，因此木质素的微生物降解受到了广泛关注。真菌是植物生物质的主要降解者，特别是担子菌白腐真菌，由于其降解木质素的能力，在转化植物芳香族化合物方面具有重要意义。然而，从木质素和植物生物质的其他芳香族化合物中释放出来的芳香族单体，即使在低浓度下对大多数真菌也具有毒性，因此将这些化合物转化为毒性较小的代谢产物对真菌来说至关重要。尽管真菌从植物生物质中释放芳香族化合物的过程已得到广泛研究，但对于转化产生的芳香族单体的代谢途径却相对关注较少。在这篇综述中，我们概述了植物生物质的芳香族成分，以及它们被真菌释放和转化的过程。最后，我们将总结与植物芳香族化合物相关的真菌系统的应用。
