Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2015 Jul;214(3):329-48. doi: 10.1111/apha.12515. Epub 2015 May 29.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules that are naturally produced within biological systems. Research has focused extensively on revealing the multi-faceted and complex roles that ROS play in living tissues. In regard to the good side of ROS, this article explores the effects of ROS on signalling, immune response and other physiological responses. To review the potentially bad side of ROS, we explain the consequences of high concentrations of molecules that lead to the disruption of redox homeostasis, which induces oxidative stress damaging intracellular components. The ugly effects of ROS can be observed in devastating cardiac, pulmonary, neurodegenerative and other disorders. Furthermore, this article covers the regulatory enzymes that mitigate the effects of ROS. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase are discussed in particular detail. The current understanding of ROS is incomplete, and it is imperative that future research be performed to understand the implications of ROS in various therapeutic interventions.
活性氧（ROS）是在生物系统中自然产生的具有化学反应活性的分子。研究已经广泛集中在揭示 ROS 在活组织中所扮演的多方面和复杂角色。关于 ROS 的积极方面，本文探讨了 ROS 对信号转导、免疫反应和其他生理反应的影响。为了回顾 ROS 的潜在负面影响，我们解释了导致氧化还原失衡的高浓度分子的后果，这会引起氧化应激，破坏细胞内成分。ROS 的破坏性影响可以在破坏性的心脏、肺部、神经退行性和其他疾病中观察到。此外，本文还涵盖了减轻 ROS 影响的调节酶。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶特别详细地进行了讨论。目前对 ROS 的理解并不完整，必须进行未来的研究来理解 ROS 在各种治疗干预中的意义。
