Szablewski Leszek
Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 10;26(2):542. doi: 10.3390/ijms26020542.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative diseases/disturbances are worldwide health problems. The most common chronic conditions diagnosed in persons 60 years and older are type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive impairment. It was found that diabetes mellitus is a major risk for cognitive decline, dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Different mechanisms of associations between these diseases and diabetes mellitus have been suggested. For example, it is postulated that an impaired intracellular insulin signaling pathway, together with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, may cause pathological changes, such as dysfunction of the mitochondria, oxidative stress inflammatory responses, etc. The association between diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the mechanisms of these associations, needs further investigation. The aim of this review is to describe the associations between diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and selected neurodegenerative diseases, i.e., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Suggested mechanisms of these associations are also described.
糖尿病（DM）和神经退行性疾病/障碍是全球性的健康问题。在60岁及以上人群中诊断出的最常见慢性病是2型糖尿病（T2DM）和认知障碍。研究发现，糖尿病是认知能力下降、痴呆、帕金森病（PD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、亨廷顿病（HD）、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）和其他神经退行性疾病的主要风险因素。人们提出了这些疾病与糖尿病之间不同的关联机制。例如，据推测，细胞内胰岛素信号通路受损，再加上高血糖和高胰岛素血症，可能会导致病理变化，如线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激炎症反应等。糖尿病与神经退行性疾病之间的关联以及这些关联的机制需要进一步研究。本综述的目的是描述糖尿病，尤其是1型糖尿病（T1DM）和2型糖尿病与选定的神经退行性疾病，即阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症之间的关联。还描述了这些关联的潜在机制。
