Emergency Department Extremity Radiographs in the Setting of Pain Without Trauma: Are They Worth the Pain?

BACKGROUND

Few data exist that correlate acute radiographic findings of extremity imaging with patients' complaints in the acute care setting.

OBJECTIVE

We hypothesize that plain radiographs performed for a complaint of pain in the absence of trauma or signs and symptoms of infection are of low yield.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the imaging and charts of 1331 patients who presented to our emergency department (ED) and received extremity radiographs with complaints related to limb trauma, infection, and pain alone. Imaging and outcomes of cases interpreted as positive for acute pathology and those interpreted as indeterminate were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests to evaluate the value of extremity radiographs in the setting of isolated limb pain.

RESULTS

Of the patients analyzed, 935 presented with trauma, 234 presented with nontraumatic pain, and 161 presented with signs or symptoms of infection. The rate of definitively positive cases was 30.6% for trauma, 20.6% for infection, and 1.3% for pain. When indeterminate cases were included in the analysis, the rate of acutely positive cases rose to 33.4% for trauma, 28.0% for infection, and 3.0% for pain. Among the three definitively positive pain cases, all three were fractures, none of which resulted in emergent surgery or orthopedic consults. Among the four indeterminately positive pain cases, three proved to be false positives.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest that ED imaging of patients presenting with nontraumatic pain is of extremely low yield, resulting in few acute positive findings that require immediate attention in the ED.