Burns Felipe R, Peterson Richard E, Heideman Warren
Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Aquat Toxicol. 2015 Jul;164:52-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) disrupts craniofacial development in zebrafish larvae. However, the cellular changes responsible for the decreased jaw size remain poorly understood. We show that smaller jaw size is due to a decrease in both the size and number of chondrocytes in the developing craniofacial cartilages. TCDD was found to decrease ossification of osteoblasts in the perichondrium of craniofacial cartilages. We also discovered that TCDD caused clefting of the parasphenoid, an effect with similarity to TCDD-induced cleft palate in mice. Thus, dermal and perichondrial bone development of the craniofacial skeleton are clearly disrupted by TCDD exposure in the zebrafish larvae. This dysmorphic response of the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton after exposure to TCDD is consistent with findings demonstrating disruption of axial bone development in medaka and repression of sox9b in zebrafish.
2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对-二恶英（TCDD或二恶英）会干扰斑马鱼幼体的颅面发育。然而，导致颌骨尺寸减小的细胞变化仍知之甚少。我们发现，颌骨尺寸较小是由于发育中的颅面软骨中软骨细胞的大小和数量均减少。研究发现，TCDD会降低颅面软骨骨膜中成骨细胞的骨化作用。我们还发现，TCDD会导致副蝶骨裂开，这一效应与TCDD诱导的小鼠腭裂相似。因此，斑马鱼幼体暴露于TCDD会明显扰乱颅面骨骼的真皮和骨膜骨发育。斑马鱼颅面骨骼在暴露于TCDD后的这种畸形反应与青鳉轴向骨发育受干扰以及斑马鱼中sox9b受抑制的研究结果一致。
