Price Claire L, Parker Josie E, Warrilow Andrew G S, Kelly Diane E, Kelly Steven L
Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2015 Aug;71(8):1054-8. doi: 10.1002/ps.4029. Epub 2015 May 20.
Plant fungal pathogens can have devastating effects on a wide range of crops, including cereals and fruit (such as wheat and grapes), causing losses in crop yield, which are costly to the agricultural economy and threaten food security. Azole antifungals are the treatment of choice; however, resistance has arisen against these compounds, which could lead to devastating consequences. Therefore, it is important to understand how these fungicides are used and how the resistance arises in order to tackle the problem fully. Here, we give an overview of the problem and discuss the mechanisms that mediate azole resistance in agriculture (point mutations in the CYP51 amino acid sequence, overexpression of the CYP51 enzyme and overexpression of genes encoding efflux pump proteins). © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
植物真菌病原体可对包括谷物和水果（如小麦和葡萄）在内的多种作物产生毁灭性影响，导致作物产量损失，这对农业经济造成高昂成本并威胁粮食安全。唑类抗真菌剂是首选治疗药物；然而，针对这些化合物已出现耐药性，这可能导致毁灭性后果。因此，了解这些杀菌剂的使用方式以及耐药性如何产生，以便全面解决该问题，这一点很重要。在此，我们概述了该问题，并讨论了介导农业中唑类耐药性的机制（CYP51氨基酸序列中的点突变、CYP51酶的过表达以及编码外排泵蛋白的基因的过表达）。© 2015化学工业协会。
