Mousa Walaa K, Raizada Manish N
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada.
Front Plant Sci. 2015 Apr 10;6:231. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00231. eCollection 2015.
The plant is an attractive versatile home for diverse associated microbes. A subset of these microbes produces a diversity of anti-microbial natural products including polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenoids, heterocylic nitrogenous compounds, volatile compounds, bacteriocins, and lytic enzymes. In recent years, detailed molecular analysis has led to a better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms. New genomic and bioinformatic tools have permitted comparisons of orthologous genes between species, leading to predictions of the associated evolutionary mechanisms responsible for diversification at the genetic and corresponding biochemical levels. The purpose of this review is to describe the biodiversity of biosynthetic genes of plant-associated bacteria and fungi that encode selected examples of antimicrobial natural products. For each compound, the target pathogen and biochemical mode of action are described, in order to draw attention to the complexity of these phenomena. We review recent information of the underlying molecular diversity and draw lessons through comparative genomic analysis of the orthologous coding sequences (CDS). We conclude by discussing emerging themes and gaps, discuss the metabolic pathways in the context of the phylogeny and ecology of their microbial hosts, and discuss potential evolutionary mechanisms that led to the diversification of biosynthetic gene clusters.
该植物是多种相关微生物的一个有吸引力的多功能宿主。这些微生物的一个子集产生多种抗菌天然产物，包括聚酮化合物、非核糖体肽、萜类化合物、杂环含氮化合物、挥发性化合物、细菌素和裂解酶。近年来，详细的分子分析使人们对潜在的遗传机制有了更好的理解。新的基因组和生物信息学工具允许对物种间的直系同源基因进行比较，从而预测在基因和相应生化水平上负责多样化的相关进化机制。本综述的目的是描述植物相关细菌和真菌生物合成基因的生物多样性，这些基因编码抗菌天然产物的选定实例。对于每种化合物，描述了目标病原体和生化作用模式，以引起人们对这些现象复杂性的关注。我们回顾了潜在分子多样性的最新信息，并通过对直系同源编码序列（CDS）的比较基因组分析吸取经验教训。我们通过讨论新出现的主题和差距来得出结论，在其微生物宿主的系统发育和生态学背景下讨论代谢途径，并讨论导致生物合成基因簇多样化的潜在进化机制。
