Farmer Thomas A, Yan Shaorong, Bicknell Klinton, Tanenhaus Michael K
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2015 Aug;41(4):958-76. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000054. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Recent Electroencephalography/Magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) studies suggest that when contextual information is highly predictive of some property of a linguistic signal, expectations generated from context can be translated into surprisingly low-level estimates of the physical form-based properties likely to occur in subsequent portions of the unfolding signal. Whether form-based expectations are generated and assessed during natural reading, however, remains unclear. We monitored eye movements while participants read phonologically typical and atypical nouns in noun-predictive contexts (Experiment 1), demonstrating that when a noun is strongly expected, fixation durations on first-pass eye movement measures, including first fixation duration, gaze duration, and go-past times, are shorter for nouns with category typical form-based features. In Experiments 2 and 3, typical and atypical nouns were placed in sentential contexts normed to create expectations of variable strength for a noun. Context and typicality interacted significantly at gaze duration. These results suggest that during reading, form-based expectations that are translated from higher-level category-based expectancies can facilitate the processing of a word in context, and that their effect on lexical processing is graded based on the strength of category expectancy.
近期的脑电图/脑磁图（EEG/MEG）研究表明，当语境信息能高度预测语言信号的某些属性时，由语境产生的预期可转化为对后续展开信号中可能出现的基于物理形式的属性的惊人低层次估计。然而，在自然阅读过程中是否会产生并评估基于形式的预期仍不明确。我们在参与者于名词预测性语境中阅读语音典型和非典型名词时监测了眼动（实验1），结果表明，当强烈预期某个名词时，对于具有基于类别典型形式特征的名词，首次通过眼动测量（包括首次注视时长、凝视时长和越过时间）的注视时长更短。在实验2和3中，将典型和非典型名词置于经标准化处理以对名词产生不同强度预期的句子语境中。在凝视时长方面，语境和典型性存在显著交互作用。这些结果表明，在阅读过程中，从更高层次基于类别的预期转化而来的基于形式的预期能够促进语境中单词的加工，并且它们对词汇加工的影响会根据类别预期的强度进行分级。
