Basque Center for Cognition, Brain, and Language, San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, San Sebastian, Spain.
Basque Center for Cognition, Brain, and Language, San Sebastian, Spain.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2014 Feb;18(2):90-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.11.005. Epub 2013 Dec 25.
A long-standing debate in reading research is whether printed words are perceived in a feedforward manner on the basis of orthographic information, with other representations such as semantics and phonology activated subsequently, or whether the system is fully interactive and feedback from these representations shapes early visual word recognition. We review recent evidence from behavioral, functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and biologically plausible connectionist modeling approaches, focusing on how each approach provides insight into the temporal flow of information in the lexical system. We conclude that, consistent with interactive accounts, higher-order linguistic representations modulate early orthographic processing. We also discuss how biologically plausible interactive frameworks and coordinated empirical and computational work can advance theories of visual word recognition and other domains (e.g., object recognition).
阅读研究中的一个长期争论是，印刷文字是基于拼字信息以前馈方式被感知，随后激活其他表示，如语义和语音，还是系统是完全交互式的，并且这些表示的反馈会塑造早期的视觉单词识别。我们回顾了来自行为、功能磁共振成像、脑电图、脑磁图和生物上合理的连接主义建模方法的最新证据，重点关注每种方法如何深入了解词汇系统中的信息时间流程。我们的结论是，与交互式解释一致，更高阶的语言表示会调节早期的拼字处理。我们还讨论了如何通过生物上合理的交互式框架和协调的实证与计算工作来推进视觉单词识别和其他领域（例如，对象识别）的理论。
