Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jul 7;163(1):52-8. doi: 10.7326/M14-2210.
Since 1990, progress has been made toward global tuberculosis (TB) control, as measured by targets set for 2015. However, TB remains a major threat to health around the world. In 2013, there were an estimated 11 million prevalent cases, and an estimated 9.0 million incident cases occurred globally. Approximately 1.5 million deaths were caused by TB, including 360,000 among people living with HIV. Substantial challenges threaten future control efforts. These include multidrug-resistant forms and co-infection with HIV, as well as other factors, such as the increased prominence of noncommunicable diseases and adverse socioeconomic conditions. Beyond 2015, TB control must be seen as both a public health imperative unto itself and a vital component of economic development plans. To that end, control strategies should exploit technical and operational innovations to improve TB control and care and should promote universal health coverage and social protection mechanisms to expand access to essential prevention, diagnostics, and treatment services while avoiding catastrophic costs incurred by patients.
自 1990 年以来，结核病（TB）防治工作取得了进展，这是根据 2015 年设定的目标衡量的。然而，结核病仍然是全世界健康的主要威胁。2013 年，全球估计有 1100 万现患病例，约有 900 万新发病例。结核病导致约 150 万人死亡，其中包括 36 万艾滋病毒感染者。未来的控制工作面临着重大挑战。这些挑战包括耐多药形式和与艾滋病毒的合并感染，以及其他因素，如非传染性疾病的日益突出和不利的社会经济状况。2015 年之后，结核病控制必须被视为既是公共卫生的当务之急，也是经济发展计划的重要组成部分。为此，控制策略应利用技术和业务创新来改善结核病控制和护理，并应促进全民健康覆盖和社会保护机制，扩大获得基本预防、诊断和治疗服务的机会，同时避免患者承担灾难性费用。
