RNAi mediated broad-spectrum transgenic resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana to chilli-infecting begomoviruses.

Two RNAi constructs were designed targeting chilli-infecting begomoviruses and associated betasatellites. Broad-spectrum resistance was achieved against multiple begomoviruses associated with leaf curl disease of chillies in India. Chilli leaf curl disease (ChiLCD) caused by begomoviruses (family: Geminiviridae) has emerged as one of the most devastating viral diseases of chilli, especially in the Indian sub-continent. The severity of disease incidence is expanding at an alarming rate due to the emergence of new begomoviruses with greater ability to infect this crop in almost all the major chilli producing regions of India. In this study, we applied the RNA interference (RNAi) based strategies to control infection of chilli-infecting begomoviruses (CIBs). For this, we have generated transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants harboring two different intron hairpin RNAi constructs [designated as TR1 (AC1/AC2) and TR2 (AC1/AC2/βC1)] using conserved regions of viral genome and associated betasatellite. During our study, we observed that, two lines harboring TR1 construct (13-1 and 2-4) and one line harboring TR2 construct (5-1) have shown resistance to the most predominant Indian CIBs like Chilli leaf curl virus-Pakistan isolate Varanasi, Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-isolate chilli, and a newly identified begomovirus species, Chilli leaf curl Vellanad virus. Resistant lines accumulated transgene-specific siRNAs, confirming RNAi-mediated resistance against these viruses. Furthermore, these resistant lines also displayed delayed symptom appearance and milder symptoms, as compared to virus-inoculated non-transgenic plants. Average viral DNA accumulation in the resistant lines was reduced up to 90% as compared to non-transgenic plants. Thus, our study demonstrated the application of RNAi-mediated approach in providing resistance against diverse monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses associated with ChiLCD.