Markland S M, LeStrange K J, Sharma M, Kniel K E
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2015 Nov;62(7):491-6. doi: 10.1111/zph.12194. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
The emergence of new antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli pathotypes associated with human disease has led to an investigation in terms of the origins of these pathogens. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, unspecified agents are responsible for 38.4 million of the 48 million (80%) cases of foodborne illnesses each year in the United States. It is hypothesized that environmental E. coli not typically associated with the ability to cause disease in humans could potentially be responsible for some of these cases. In order for an environmental E. coli isolate to have the ability to cause foodborne illness, it must be able to utilize the same attachment and virulence mechanisms utilized by other human pathogenic E. coli. Recent research has shown that many avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolated from poultry harbour attachment and virulence genes also currently found in human pathogenic E. coli isolates. Research also suggests that, in addition to the ability to cause gastrointestinal illnesses, APEC may also be an etiological agent of foodborne urinary tract infections (FUTIs). The purpose of this article was to evaluate the evidence pertaining to the ability of APEC to cause disease in humans, their potential for zoonotic transfer along with discussion on the types of illnesses that may be associated with these pathogens.
与人类疾病相关的新型抗生素耐药性大肠杆菌致病型的出现，引发了对这些病原体起源的调查。根据疾病控制与预防中心的数据，在美国每年4800万例食源性疾病病例中，有3840万例（80%）病因不明。据推测，通常不具备导致人类疾病能力的环境大肠杆菌可能是其中一些病例的病因。为了使环境大肠杆菌分离株具备引发食源性疾病的能力，它必须能够利用其他人类致病性大肠杆菌所采用的相同附着和致病机制。最近的研究表明，从家禽中分离出的许多禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）都携带目前在人类致病性大肠杆菌分离株中也能发现的附着和致病基因。研究还表明，除了能够引发胃肠道疾病外，APEC还可能是食源性尿路感染（FUTIs）的病原体。本文的目的是评估有关APEC导致人类疾病能力的证据、它们的人畜共患病传播潜力，并讨论可能与这些病原体相关的疾病类型。
