Robles Guillermo, Fresno José Manuel, Martínez-Tarifa Juan Manuel
Department of Electrical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, Leganés 28911, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2015 Apr 27;15(5):9882-98. doi: 10.3390/s150509882.
The detection of partial discharges (PD) can help in early-warning detection systems to protect critical assets in power systems. The radio-frequency emission of these events can be measured with antennas even when the equipment is in service which reduces dramatically the maintenance costs and favours the implementation of condition-based monitoring systems. The drawback of these type of measurements is the difficulty of having a reference signal to study the events in a classical phase-resolved partial discharge pattern (PRPD). Therefore, in open-air substations and overhead lines where interferences from radio and TV broadcasting and mobile communications are important sources of noise and other pulsed interferences from rectifiers or inverters can be present, it is difficult to identify whether there is partial discharges activity or not. This paper proposes a robust method to separate the events captured with the antennas, identify which of them are partial discharges and localize the piece of equipment that is having problems. The separation is done with power ratio (PR) maps based on the spectral characteristics of the signal and the identification of the type of event is done localizing the source with an array of four antennas. Several classical methods to calculate the time differences of arrival (TDOA) of the emission to the antennas have been tested, and the localization is done using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize a distance function.
局部放电（PD）的检测有助于电力系统早期预警检测系统保护关键资产。即使设备在运行，这些事件的射频发射也可以通过天线进行测量，这大大降低了维护成本，并有利于实施基于状态的监测系统。这类测量的缺点是难以获得参考信号来研究经典的相分辨局部放电模式（PRPD）中的事件。因此，在露天变电站和架空线路中，来自广播和电视广播以及移动通信的干扰是重要的噪声源，并且可能存在来自整流器或逆变器的其他脉冲干扰，很难确定是否存在局部放电活动。本文提出了一种稳健的方法，用于分离通过天线捕获的事件，识别其中哪些是局部放电，并定位出现问题的设备部件。分离是通过基于信号频谱特性的功率比（PR）图来完成的，事件类型的识别是通过使用四个天线的阵列定位源来完成的。已经测试了几种计算发射到天线的到达时间差（TDOA）的经典方法，并使用粒子群优化（PSO）来最小化距离函数进行定位。
