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用于电力变压器局部放电监测的优化声发射传感器的研制。

Development of Acoustic Emission Sensor Optimized for Partial Discharge Monitoring in Power Transformers.

作者信息

Sikorski Wojciech

机构信息

Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2019 Apr 18;19(8):1865. doi: 10.3390/s19081865.

DOI:10.3390/s19081865
PMID:31003527
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6514648/
Abstract

The acoustic emission (AE) technique is one of the unconventional methods of partial discharges (PD) detection. It plays a particularly important role in oil-filled power transformers diagnostics because it enables the detection and online monitoring of PDs as well as localization of their sources. The performance of this technique highly depends on measurement system configuration but mostly on the type of applied AE sensor. The paper presents, in detail, the design and manufacturing stages of an ultrasensitive AE sensor optimized for partial discharge detection in power transformers. The design assumptions were formulated based on extensive laboratory research, which allowed for the identification of dominant acoustic frequencies emitted by partial discharges in oil-paper insulation. The Krimholtz-Leedom-Matthaei (KLM) model was used to iteratively find optimal material and geometric properties of the main structures of the prototype AE sensor. It has two sensing elements with opposite polarization direction and different heights. The fully differential design allowed to obtain the desired properties of the transducer, i.e., a two-resonant (68 kHz and 90 kHz) and wide (30‒100 kHz) frequency response curve, high peak sensitivity (-61.1 dB ref. V/µbar), and low noise. The laboratory tests confirmed that the prototype transducer is characterized by ultrahigh sensitivity of partial discharge detection. Compared to commonly used commercial AE sensors, the average amplitude of PD pulses registered with the prototype sensor was a minimum of 5.2 dB higher, and a maximum of 19.8 dB higher.

摘要

声发射（AE）技术是局部放电（PD）检测的非常规方法之一。它在充油电力变压器诊断中起着特别重要的作用，因为它能够检测和在线监测局部放电，并对其源进行定位。该技术的性能高度依赖于测量系统配置，但主要取决于所应用的AE传感器的类型。本文详细介绍了一种为电力变压器局部放电检测优化的超灵敏AE传感器的设计和制造阶段。设计假设是基于广泛的实验室研究制定的，这使得能够识别油纸绝缘中局部放电发出的主要声频。使用Krimholtz-Leedom-Matthaei（KLM）模型迭代地找到原型AE传感器主要结构的最佳材料和几何特性。它有两个极化方向相反且高度不同的传感元件。全差分设计使得能够获得换能器所需的特性，即双谐振（68 kHz和90 kHz）和宽（30‒100 kHz）频率响应曲线、高峰值灵敏度（-61.1 dB参考V/µbar）和低噪声。实验室测试证实，原型换能器具有局部放电检测的超高灵敏度。与常用的商用AE传感器相比，用原型传感器记录的PD脉冲的平均幅度至少高5.2 dB，最高高19.8 dB。

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